Traverses for the ISECG-GER design reference mission for humans on the lunar surface

This study explores the Design Reference Mission (DRM) architecture developed by Hufenbach et al. (2015) as a prelude to the release of the 2018 Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) developed by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG). The focus of this study is the exploration of the south polar region of the Moon, a region that has not been visited by any human missions, yet exhibits a multitude of scientifically important locations – the investigation of which will address long standing questions in lunar research. This DRM architecture involves five landing sites (Malapert massif, South Pole/Shackleton crater, Schrödinger basin, Antoniadi crater, and the South Pole-Aitken basin center), to be visited in sequential years by crew, beginning in 2028. Two Lunar Electric Rovers (LER) are proposed to be tele-robotically operated between sites to rendez-vous with crew at the time of the next landing. With engineering parameters in mind we explore the feasibility of tele-robotic operation of these LERs between lunar landing sites, and identify potential high interest sampling locations en-route. Additionally, in-depth sample collection and return traverses are identified for each individual landing site across key geologic terrains that also detail crew Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA). Exploration at and between landing sites is designed to address a suite of National Research Council (2007) scientific concepts.     

Environmental consequences of impact cratering events as a function of ambient conditions on Earth

The end of the Mesozoic Era is defined by a dramatic floral and faunal turnover that has been linked with the Chicxulub impact event, thus leading to the realization that impact cratering can affect both the geologic and biologic evolution of Earth. However, the environmental consequences of an impact event and any subsequent biological effects rely on several factors, including the ambient environmental conditions and the extant ecosystem structures at the time of impact. Some of the severest environmental perturbations of the Chicxulub impact event would not have been significant in some periods of Earth history. Consequently, the environmental and biological effects of an impact event must be evaluated in the context in which it occurs.     

A lunar L2-Farside exploration and science mission concept with the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and a teleoperated lander/rover

A novel concept is presented in this paper for a human mission to the lunar L2 (Lagrange) point that would be a proving ground for future exploration missions to deep space while also overseeing scientifically important investigations. In an L2 halo orbit above the lunar farside, the astronauts aboard the Orion Crew Vehicle would travel 15% farther from Earth than did the Apollo astronauts and spend almost three times longer in deep space. Such a mission would serve as a first step beyond low Earth orbit and prove out operational spaceflight capabilities such as life support, communication, high speed re-entry, and radiation protection prior to more difficult human exploration missions. On this proposed mission, the crew would teleoperate landers/rovers on the unexplored lunar farside, which would obtain samples from the geologically interesting farside and deploy a low radio frequency telescope. Sampling the South Pole-Aitken basin, one of the oldest impact basins in the solar system, is a key science objective of the 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey. Observations at low radio frequencies to track the effects of the Universe’s first stars/galaxies on the intergalactic medium are a priority of the 2010 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey. Such telerobotic oversight would also demonstrate capability for human and robotic cooperation on future, more complex deep space missions such as exploring Mars.     

DT-OFDM在Ka频段卫星通信中的应用

为提高Ka频段卫星通信的性能,采用信道编码技术提出了一种差分Turbo码正交频分复用(DT-OFDM)方案,给出了DT-OFDM系统模型的组成和差分软检测方法。仿真试验结果表明,不同子载波数的DT-OFDM误码率均低于传统的卷积编码正交频分复用(CC-OFDM)和网格编码正交频分复用(TCM-OFDM)。     

太阳系行星及行星际大气环境特性研究

研究了行星及行星际大气环境特性。为了克服用玻耳兹曼公式（BF）计算行星大气总分子数时出现的发散困难，在玻耳兹曼公式中引入新的归一化函数g（r），得到了新的行星大气分布律公式（RBF），探讨了归一化函数的物理意义。和Jeans的理论进行了比较。用RBF计算了太阳系中木星、土星、天王星、海王星和土卫六的大气密度随高度的分布。这些结果对于开展行星探测工作有一定的指导意义。     

一种适用于进气道/风扇一体化计算的体积力模型

全流道的进气道/风扇一体化计算虽然能捕捉到全面、完整的流场细节,但仍然需要消耗大量的计算资源。为了节约计算成本,利用有限的设备达到快速高精度计算的目的,采用自行发展的块体积力模型替代真实叶片进行一体化计算。该模型将叶片流域沿周向等距分成若干块,每个块的体积力源项关联于叶片前缘参数。研究结果表明:该体积力模型能够准确地模拟出流场特征与细节。在均匀来流下,各参数的相对误差在0.5%以内。同时,在大S弯进气道高畸变来流条件下,与冻结转子方法计算结果相比,总压比、总温比和等熵效率的相对误差分别为4.49%,0.26%和2.38%。     

边界层吸入跨声速复合掠型风扇气动性能研究

针对边界层吸入条件下的跨声速风扇设计问题,提出了一种掠型叶片的设计方法,分析了三种前缘掠角分布对风扇气动性能的影响,并在边界层吸入情况下对比了复合掠型风扇和原型风扇的气动性能和流动特征,探讨了叶片通过低压畸变区过程中的流场变化。研究结果表明,均匀来流时复合掠型风扇没有改变原型风扇堵塞流量,但稳定裕度提高了7.1%;边界层吸入20%进口高度时,复合掠型风扇峰值效率比均匀来流时降低了1.8%;比Rotor67风扇能够在更低的流量工况下承受同等的来流参数畸变流场。在叶片通过畸变区域过程中,退出畸变流场时更容易触发旋转失速。     

l1-based calibration of POD-Galerkin models of two-dimensional unsteady flows

This paper discusses a physics-informed methodology aimed at reconstructing efficiently the fluid state of a system. Herein, the generation of an accurate reduced order model of two-dimensional unsteady flows from data leverages on sparsity-promoting statistical learning techniques. The cornerstone of the approach is l₁ regularised regression, resulting in sparsely-connected models where only the important quadratic interactions between modes are retained. The original dynamical behaviour is reproduced at low computational costs, as few quadratic interactions need to be evaluated. The approach has two key features. First, interactions are selected systematically as a solution of a convex optimisation problem and no a priori assumptions on the physics of the flow are required. Second, the presence of a regularisation term improves the predictive performance of the original model, generally affected by noise and poor data quality. Test cases are for two-dimensional lid-driven cavity flows, at three values of the Reynolds number for which the motion is chaotic and energy interactions are scattered across the spectrum. It is found that: (A) the sparsification generates models maintaining the original accuracy level but with a lower number of active coefficients; this becomes more pronounced for increasing Reynolds numbers suggesting that extension of these techniques to real-life flow configurations is possible; (B) sparse models maintain a good temporal stability for predictions. The methodology is ready for more complex applications without modifications of the underlying theory, and the integration into a cyber-physical model is feasible.     

Extension of analytical indicial aerodynamics to generic trapezoidal wings in subsonic flow

Analytical indicial aerodynamic functions are calculated for several trapezoidal wings in subsonic flow, with a Mach number 0.3 Ma 0.7. The formulation herein proposed extends wellknown aerodynamic theories, which are limited to thin aerofoils in incompressible flow, to generic trapezoidal wing planforms. Firstly, a thorough study is executed to assess the accuracy and limitation of analytical predictions, using unsteady results from two state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics solvers as cross-validated benchmarks. Indicial functions are calculated for a step change in the angle of attack and for a sharp-edge gust, each for four wing configurations and three Mach numbers. Then, analytical and computational indicial responses are used to predict dynamic derivatives and the maximum lift coefficient following an encounter with a one-minus-cosine gust. It is found that the analytical results are in excellent agreement with the computational results for all test cases. In particular, the deviation of the analytical results from the computational results is within the scatter or uncertainty in the data arising from using two computational fluid dynamics solvers. This indicates the usefulness of the developed analytical theories.     

Turbo码在慢衰落信道中的性能分析及应用

针对慢衰落信道的特点,提出了在衰落信道中Turbo码的构造方法;分析了慢衰落信道特性及其对Turbo码性能的影响;仿真结果表明,Turbo码在这种信道中可以获得接近极限的性能,适于在慢衰落信道中的应用.