长波定时ASF修正的GIS软件

论述的长波定时ASF修正的GIS软件能快速数字化可视化显示和调用服务区域的地形地理信息、大地电参数和大气折射率等多种数据源。使用此软件可以非常方便容易地用不同模型计算在广阔区域接收到的多个长波信号在各种典型路径上的ASF和地波传播时间延迟,并提高定时精度。     

The first dedicated Life Sciences mission--Spacelab 4.

Spacelab is a large versatile laboratory carried in the bay of the Shuttle Orbiter. The first Spacelab mission dedicated entirely to Life Sciences is known as Spacelab 4. It is scheduled for launch in late 1985 and will remain aloft for seven days. This payload consists of 25 tentatively selected investigations combined into a comprehensive integrated exploration of the effects of acute weightlessness on living systems. An emphasis is placed on studying physiological changes that have been previously observed in manned space flight. This payload has complementary designs in the human and animal investigations in order to validate animal models of human physiology in weightlessness. The experimental subjects include humans, squirrel monkeys, laboratory rats, several species of plants, and frog eggs. The primary scientific objectives include study of the acute cephalic fluid shift, cardiovascular adaptation to weightlessness, including postflight reductions in orthostatic tolerance and exercise capacity, and changes in vestibular function, including space motion sickness, associated with weightlessness. Secondary scientific objectives include the study of red cell mass reduction, negative nitrogen balance, altered calcium metabolism, suppressed in vitro lymphocyte reactivity, gravitropism and photropism in plants, and fertilization and early development in frog eggs. The rationale behind this payload, the selection process, and details of the individual investigations are presented in this paper.     

基于红外和可见光图像融合的铺丝缺陷检测方法

为提高纤维自动铺放(AFP)的质量,分析了目前视觉检测技术中单光谱检测技术成像的局限性,提出一种基于深度学习的红外与可见光联合检测缺陷手段以实现对铺放缺陷的检测、定位和分类。利用热红外图像与可见光图像中易检缺陷种类不同的特点,采用特征融合网络将两种光谱信息融合从而改善检测效果。考虑在线检测对实时性要求较高,为提高检测速度,采用单阶段检测网络作为检测框架,并依据纤维缺陷的长宽比分布严重不均的特点分析了单阶段检测网络中基于锚框方法的不足,提出采用无锚框的检测框架,增加改进的特征金字塔网络结构进行多尺度预测。以全类平均正确率(mAP)为衡量指标,实验结果相比单光谱检测方法、基于锚框检测方法和未使用改进特征金字塔结构分别提升了6.30%、6.64%和1.02%。通过Tensor RT加速后检测网络对每张608像素×608像素图像的检测时间小于20 ms,满足实时检测的需求,检测平均召回率超过88%,平均精确率超过82%,满足生产准确度需求。数据在试验台进行离线检测验证得出,并在大型龙门铺丝机上进行了在线测试。     

U.S. biological experiments in space.

Past U.S. space biological experiments in space, using non-human specimens, are discussed and evaluated. Current plans for future experimentation in this field are also given.     

InSight Mars Lander Robotics Instrument Deployment System

The InSight Mars Lander is equipped with an Instrument Deployment System (IDS) and science payload with accompanying auxiliary peripherals mounted on the Lander. The InSight science payload includes a seismometer (SEIS) and Wind and Thermal Shield (WTS), heat flow probe (Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package, HP³) and a precision tracking system (RISE) to measure the size and state of the core, mantle and crust of Mars. The InSight flight system is a close copy of the Mars Phoenix Lander and comprises a Lander, cruise stage, heatshield and backshell. The IDS comprises an Instrument Deployment Arm (IDA), scoop, five finger “claw” grapple, motor controller, arm-mounted Instrument Deployment Camera (IDC), lander-mounted Instrument Context Camera (ICC), and control software. IDS is responsible for the first precision robotic instrument placement and release of SEIS and HP³ on a planetary surface that will enable scientists to perform the first comprehensive surface-based geophysical investigation of Mars’ interior structure. This paper describes the design and operations of the Instrument Deployment Systems (IDS), a critical subsystem of the InSight Mars Lander necessary to achieve the primary scientific goals of the mission including robotic arm geology and physical properties (soil mechanics) investigations at the Landing site. In addition, we present test results of flight IDS Verification and Validation activities including thermal characterization and InSight 2017 Assembly, Test, and Launch Operations (ATLO), Deployment Scenario Test at Lockheed Martin, Denver, where all the flight payloads were successfully deployed with a balloon gravity offload fixture to compensate for Mars to Earth gravity.     

VRS网络RTK关键算法与技术及精度分析

针对VRS的特点,对VRS算法中的两个关键问题及技术进行了研究,提 出了一种经过改进的模糊度在线解算方法：首先用伪距宽巷组合计算出宽巷模糊度;再利用 无电离层约束组合解算L1模糊度浮点解;最后用LAMBDA算法搜索和固定L1、
L2模糊度。验证其准确性和可靠性。同时研究分析低阶曲面模型生成综合误差算法, 证明其准确性及可靠性。提出了利用虚拟站与主参考站的综合误差虚拟生成虚拟参考站观测 值的算法。研究采用Ntrip协议进行网络差分信息的传输。最后,通过实地试验测试验证了 自主开发的VRS网络差分系统的准确性和可靠性,其VRS／RTK定位结果的外符合精度为：网 内X方向为2cm,Y方向为4cm,Z方向为6cm,符合精度要求。证明 了该系统能够实现24小时无人值守稳定安全运行。
     

航天器损伤评估和安全管理中的多尺度力学问题

文章指出航天器的安全性涉及到材料、元件、器件、子系统、系统和整机6个层次。虽然预测和防止失效的任务是在整机层次,但是损伤却是起源于材料的微损伤这一最底层。损伤从原子层次到整机层次的在多个尺度层次上的演化诱致了整体的破坏。由此引入多尺度力学,即研究各种不同长度尺度和时间尺度相互耦合现象的科学。文章试图将力学的宏观运动方程和微结构转变的动力学方程组成统一的方程组,从而得到宏观标量损伤D与微损伤数密度n的关系。文章还指出对于航天器的抗辐射加固问题,微损伤成核和发展的特征时间,与宏观特征空间尺度,以及外加载荷的特征时间之间的耦合关系,即德博拉(Deborah)数,是判断这类损伤演化诱致失效问题的一个关键。     

Thermal management for thermoset automated fiber placement based on infrared heater structure arrangement

Layup temperature is a vital factor that affects the production quality of automated fiber placement for thermoset composites. For high quality production, this paper proposes a new prediction model of layup temperature by considering the structure of infrared heater of automatic fiber placement equipment. The model was first verified by comparing with the temperature results of layup experiments. Then a prediction on the effects of heater structure arrangement on layup temperature was conducted...     

贫困大学生的自助与"他助"

大学贫困生不仅数量越来越多，而且他们的生活状况也不容乐观，国家、社会和高校分别采取了各种措施以缓解贫困生的困难。但是，任何的减贫方式若没有贫困生主体的参与和实践，就不可能取得显著的成效。我们有必要换一个思路来仔细地探讨在缓解贫困这一问题上如何把贫困生的自助与社会性的“他助”更好地结合起来。     

Applications and usage of the real-time Neutron Monitor Database

A high-time resolution Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB) has started to be realized in the frame of the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Commission. This database will include cosmic ray data from at least 18 neutron monitors distributed around the world and operated in real-time. The implementation of the NMDB will provide the opportunity for several research applications most of which will be realized in real-time mode. An important one will be the establishment of an Alert signal when dangerous solar cosmic ray particles are heading to the Earth, resulting into ground level enhancements effects registered by neutron monitors. Furthermore, on the basis of these events analysis, the mapping of all ground level enhancement features in near real-time mode will provide an overall picture of these phenomena and will be used as an input for the calculation of the ionization of the atmosphere. The latter will be useful together with other contributions to radiation dose calculations within the atmosphere at several altitudes and will reveal the absorbed doses during flights. Moreover, special algorithms for anisotropy and pitch angle distribution of solar cosmic rays, which have been developed over the years, will also be set online offering the advantage to give information about the conditions of the interplanetary space. All of the applications will serve the needs of the modern world which relies at space environment and will use the extensive network of neutron monitors as a multi-directional spectrographic detector. On top of which, the decreases of the cosmic ray intensity – known as Forbush decreases – will also be analyzed and a number of important parameters such as galactic cosmic ray anisotropy will be made available to the users of NMDB. A part of the NMDB project is also dedicated to the creation of a public outreach website with the scope to inform about cosmic rays and their possible effects on humans, technological systems and space-terrestrial environment. Therefore, NMDB will also stand as an informative gate on space research through neutron monitor’s data usage.