基于STLS的卫星质量质心在轨估计

提出了一种使用结构总体最小二乘(Structured Total Least Squares,STLS)进行卫星质量和质心参数在轨估计的方法。其相对于现有方法有三个优点:采用完整的动力学模型,考虑敏感器测量误差,估计模型中不包含误差很大的推力值。首先推导了卫星质量和质心参数的估计方程,将其化为STLS模型的形式,对该模型定义了质量质心参数的STLS估计,并使用结构总体最小范数(Structured Total Least Norm,STLN)算法进行具体求解。证明了当敏感器噪声为高斯分布时,该估计为极大似然估计。仿真结果验证了该STLS估计方法的有效性。     

基于轨道参数和SAR回波数据的多普勒调频率快速估计

多普勒调频率是SAR方位向压缩的关键参数之一. 调频率的失配会带来严重的方位向散焦, 从而影响成像质量. 基于减灾、防灾目的, 需要对SAR数据快速成像, 从而相应要求对多普勒调频率进行快速估计处理. 根据多普勒调频率快速估计需求, 提出了一种基于轨道参数法和Map Drift算法估计多普勒调频率的综合反演算法, 利用多普勒调频率与距离的关系, 简化整个估计流程, 从而提高估计速度. 同时给出了一种块数据筛选的方法, 用于选择综合反演法中所采用的块数据. 实验结果表明, 综合反演法能够在满足成像质量要求的基础上, 快速估计出多普勒调频率.      

基于GTLS的零动量卫星惯量矩阵在轨辨识

使用广义总体最小二乘(GTLS,generalized total least squares)方法对零动量卫星进行惯量矩阵在轨辨识.提出了GTLS算法的先验最小距离解的定义:当测量信息不足以确定唯一解时,解空间中最接近先验估计的解.给出了先验最小距离解的算法,并应用于惯量矩阵在轨辨识.仿真结果表明了该辨识方法的有效性及先验最小距离解相对于最小范数解的优越性.     

氧化镍电致变色薄膜及其器件的制备与性能研究

以氧化铟锡(ITO)玻璃为基底,采用直流反应磁控溅射法在室温环境下制备了高透过率调制的NiO_x薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子电镜(SEM)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV 3600)对薄膜进行分析和表征,研究溅射过程中氩氧比、气压、功率对薄膜结构、形貌及电致变色性能的影响。结果表明：制备的NiO_x薄膜表面有明显的结晶颗粒及孔隙,并沿(200)晶面择优生长;随着气压、功率、氧分压的增大,透过率调制先增大后减小,在时间为45 min、溅射气压4.9 Pa、氩氧比113∶7、功率215 W时最高可达58.3%,着褪色响应时间分别为9和19s,相应的着褪色效率分别为77.56和40.39 cm²/C;以最优工艺的NiO_x薄膜组装了结构为Glass/ITO/NiO_x/Li-electrolyte/WO₃/ITO/Glass的电致变色器件,器件在550 nm处的光调制幅度为46.5%,着褪色时间分别为27和45 s,相应的着褪色速率为1.5和0.9%/s,在循环...     

涡轮机匣热辐射-对流耦合换热特性数值计算与实验测试

开展了整环机匣的热辐射-对流耦合计算,获得了综合传热系数拟合关系式,并进行了实验测试验证。研究发现：封闭腔内,热辐射的存在大幅强化了壁面换热,辐射热流占总换热量比值可达90%以上。在3层机匣结构中,当发射率在0.3~0.8变化时,机匣沿径向方向上的温度梯度减小,主流区域的对流换热得到加强,半封闭区域对流强度降低。发射率为0.8时,外机匣流体侧壁面的辐射热流占总换热量的33.3%。     

多旋翼无人机在某测控设备标校工作中的应用

为了提高综合测控设备标校效率，简化标校流程，克服传统标校的各项缺点，进行了多旋翼无人机在某综合测控设备标校工作中的应用研究。分析了某综合测控设备相位标校工作的现状，对引入多旋翼无人机进行相位标校工作进行了需求分析，建立了无人机相位标校的数学模型。在选定无人机型号、设计实现小型化信标机、飞行电池与信标机固定支架等工作的基础上，实现了无人机在某综合测控设备相位标校工作上的应用。经过实际标校工作检验，多旋翼无人机不但能应用于某综合测控设备相位标校工作中，而且同时能够检验综合测控设备的动态跟踪性能，在同类型设备中具有一定的推广应用价值。     

Robust Adaptive Attitude Maneuvering and Vibration Reducing Control of Flexible Spacecraft with Prescribed Performance

A robust adaptive control scheme with prescribed performance is proposed for attitude maneuver and vibration suppression of flexible spacecraft, in which the parametric uncertainty, external disturbances and unmeasured elastic vibration are taken into account simultaneously. On the basis of the prescribed performance control(PPC)theory,the prescribed steady state and transient performance for the attitude tracking error can be guaranteed through the stabilization of the transformed system. This controller does not need the knowledge of modal variables.The absence of measurements of these variables is compensated by appropriate dynamics of the controller which supplies their estimates. The method of sliding mode differentiator is introduced to overcome the problem of explosion of complexity inherent in traditional backstepping design. In addition,the requirements of knowing the system parameters and the unknown bound of the lumped uncertainty,including external disturbance and the estimate error of sliding mode differentiator,have been eliminated by using adaptive updating technique. Within the framework of Lyapunov theory,the stability of the transformed system is obtained. Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

太阳同步对日定向卫星的测控天线布局设计

对日定向姿态卫星在轨没有固定指向地球的一侧,若采用在卫星对天面和对地面反向对称各安装一副测控天线以实现准全向覆盖的传统布局设计,在测控弧段中地面站方位跨越测控天线组合方向图干涉区的过程中,测控链路极易受到该区域天线增益的剧烈波动而出现链路中断,从而对测控任务产生较大影响。太阳同步轨道具有轨道平面和太阳矢量保持相对固定夹角的特性,若运行于太阳同步轨道的卫星采用对日定向姿态,则可利用该轨道特性,结合我国地面站主要位于北半球的特点,通过优化测控天线在星上的布局,减少测控天线干涉区对测控链路的影响。通过仿真分析给出该设计的具体实现过程,并给出不同轨道高度和降交点地方时对应的测控天线推荐安装角度,可为运行在太阳同步轨道上的对日定向姿态卫星提供测控天线布局参考。     

Impact of the thermal effect on the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair for an aviation axial-piston pump

A thermal hydraulic model based on the lumped parameter method is presented to analyze the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair in an aviation axial-piston pump under specified operating conditions. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the thermal hydraulic model. The results illustrate that the squeezing force and thermal wedge bearing force are the main factors that affect the film thickness and load-carrying capacity. At high oil temperature and high load pressure, the film thickness decreases with increasing clamping force due to a combined action of the squeezing bearing force and the thermal wedge bearing force, but the load-carrying capacity will increase. An increase of the film thickness is proven to be beneficial under high shaft rotational speed but especially dangerous as it strongly increases the ripple amplitude of the film thickness, which leads to decreasing the load-carrying capacity. The structural parameters of the slipper can be optimized to achieve desired performance, such as the slipper radius ratio and orifice length diameter ratio. To satisfy the requirement of the load-carrying capacity, the slipper radius ratio should be selected from 1.4 to 1.8, and the orifice length diameter ratio should be selected from 4 to 5.     

基于STLS的卫星惯量矩阵在轨估计

提出了一种采用结构总体最小二乘（Structured total least squares, STLS）进行卫星惯量矩阵在轨估计的方法,与当前估计方法相比,该方法在考虑敏感器测量噪声时能获得一致估计。首先由动量守恒定律得到估计方程,针对该方程的特点定义了惯量矩阵的STLS估计,并使用结构总体最小范数（Structured total least norm, STLN）算法进行求解。证明了当噪声为高斯分布时该STLS估计为极大似然估计,给出了该STLS估计具有一致性的充分条件,仿真结果验证了文章所提估计方法的有效性。