天基与地基测量数据融合技术在靶场的应用

随着GPS技术的发展,靶场的测控也在逐步由地基测控网过渡到天地结合的一体化综合测控网。如何将天基测量数据同靶场现有的高精度测量带测量数据融合处理,近年成为数据处理的热点话题。本文就某具体任务,对天基和地基测量数据融合技术的方法和工程应用作了详细介绍,给出了初步的结论,提出了天基测量数据在工程应用时应注意的问题和有待进一步分析的问题。     

RBCC发动机热力/推进效率计算及影响因素研究

给出了RBCC发动机推进效率、热效率及总效率等热力/推进效率计算方程,开展了特定条件下油气比、流量比及速度比等因素对发动机效率影响规律研究.结果表明, 当燃油和火箭发动机推进剂种类、质量流量及飞行速度一定时,产生推力的RBCC发动机排气速度变化范围有限,且该范围可通过计算进行明确;在其他变量为定值的条件下,推进效率分别随油气比、流量比及速度比的增大呈单调增加的趋势;随着速度比减小,热效率、总效率增大.     

基于热力学的HTPB/AP复合底排药损伤本构模型及损伤差异分析

为研究HTPB/AP复合底排药（CBBG）单轴拉伸力学性能,进行了准静态（233~301 K,8.3×10^-5~8.3×10^-1 s^-1）和冲击（233~323 K,1 200~8 000 s^-1）加载实验。实验结果表明,各工况下的真应力应变曲线均有明显的屈服点,初始模量、屈服应力及后屈服阶段形态均呈现显著的温度和应变率相关性。在不可逆热力学框架内,推导了热力学力表达式和内变量演化法则,结合初始模量和屈服应力模型,建立了黏弹-黏塑-损伤本构模型。根据HTPB/AP CBBG宽泛温度和应变率实验数据,利用一维形式的本构模型进行了参数辨识和模型验证。结果表明,该模型能较准确描述黏弹性阶段和后屈服阶段。不同工况下的损伤演化律表明,冲击加载和低温均有利于损伤扩展。     

子午修型对1.5级大子午扩张涡轮端区流动传热性能影响研究

大子午扩张涡轮由于子午型线扩张度较大,因而易导致端区边界层分离及热集中,针对这个现象,采用数值模拟方法,并采用正弦曲线对某型1.5级大子午扩张涡轮子午型线采取了8种修型方案,研究子午修型对于端区流动传热性能的影响。计算结果表明,子午修型可以有效地控制端区的分离流动,从而影响着通道涡与脱落涡强度及位置,也影响着端壁及叶片上热负荷分布。在本文研究条件下,振幅为三分之一叶片最大厚度的前凹后凸子午型线有效地减弱了脱落涡引起的损失,进而使整体总压损失减小6.06%,并可以减弱端壁及叶片传热集中,使叶片最大热负荷减轻21%。     

一组新的四元数轨道要素建模方法

针对传统以欧拉角为参数的轨道要素的奇异性、不确定性以及计算效率低等问题,提出了一种新的四元数轨道要素。建立了新轨道要素与经典轨道要素,以及新轨道要素与惯性系下位置、速度的相互转换关系,推导了基于新轨道要素的高斯摄动方程。以J₂项摄动下的轨道推演为例进行仿真验证,结果表明新轨道要素不仅在圆轨道与赤道平面轨道处不存在奇异性和不确定性,而且由于新轨道要素不涉及三角函数运算,新高斯摄动方程积分效率和计算精度明显提高。     

Impact disruption and recovery of the deep subsurface biosphere

Although a large fraction of the world's biomass resides in the subsurface, there has been no study of the effects of catastrophic disturbance on the deep biosphere and the rate of its subsequent recovery. We carried out an investigation of the microbiology of a 1.76 km drill core obtained from the ～35 million-year-old Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA, with robust contamination control. Microbial enumerations displayed a logarithmic downward decline, but the different gradient, when compared to previously studied sites, and the scatter of the data are consistent with a microbiota influenced by the geological disturbances caused by the impact. Microbial abundance is low in buried crater-fill, ocean-resurge, and avalanche deposits despite the presence of redox couples for growth. Coupled with the low hydraulic conductivity, the data suggest the microbial community has not yet recovered from the impact ～35 million years ago. Microbial enumerations, molecular analysis of microbial enrichment cultures, and geochemical analysis showed recolonization of a deep region of impact-fractured rock that was heated to above the upper temperature limit for life at the time of impact. These results show how, by fracturing subsurface rocks, impacts can extend the depth of the biosphere. This phenomenon would have provided deep refugia for life on the more heavily bombarded early Earth, and it shows that the deeply fractured regions of impact craters are promising targets to study the past and present habitability of Mars.     

Cosmic radiation exposure of biological test systems during the EXPOSE-E mission

In the frame of the EXPOSE-E mission on the Columbus external payload facility EuTEF on board the International Space Station, passive thermoluminescence dosimeters were applied to measure the radiation exposure of biological samples. The detectors were located either as stacks next to biological specimens to determine the depth dose distribution or beneath the sample carriers to determine the dose levels for maximum shielding. The maximum mission dose measured in the upper layer of the depth dose part of the experiment amounted to 238±10 mGy, which relates to an average dose rate of 408±16 μGy/d. In these stacks of about 8?mm height, the dose decreased by 5-12% with depth. The maximum dose measured beneath the sample carriers was 215±16 mGy, which amounts to an average dose rate of 368±27 μGy/d. These values are close to those assessed for the interior of the Columbus module and demonstrate the high shielding of the biological experiments within the EXPOSE-E facility. Besides the shielding by the EXPOSE-E hardware itself, additional shielding was experienced by the external structures adjacent to EXPOSE-E, such as EuTEF and Columbus. This led to a dose gradient over the entire exposure area, from 215±16 mGy for the lowest to 121±6 mGy for maximum shielding. Hence, the doses perceived by the biological samples inside EXPOSE-E varied by 70% (from lowest to highest dose). As a consequence of the high shielding, the biological samples were predominantly exposed to galactic cosmic heavy ions, while electrons and a significant fraction of protons of the radiation belts and solar wind did not reach the samples.     

异形胶圈密封失效分析

介绍了某型飞机舱盖作动筒异形胶圈密封失效的原因分析,并给出改进建议,对解决异形胶圈密封失效问题有一定的参考价值。     

关于非开普勒轨道的讨论

讨论了非开普勒轨道问题的形成、提出及其应用。首先引述了开普勒三大定律,说明了其作为天文观测结果的创造性概括能够描述行星的运动学原理;然后提出了非开普勒轨道问题,它是人造卫星可控性的必然结果。叙述了典型的非开普勒轨道问题,包括航天器在单心引力场中的运动（即二体问题）和多心引力场中的运动（即多体问题）,作为特例研究了螺旋变轨爬升轨道和悬挂轨道。最后提出了非开普勒轨道的应用,包括动能拦截问题,多星编队、组网与重构问题,系统整体组合优化机动问题等。     

面向飞行器多学科设计优化的主模型技术

针对飞行器多学科设计优化对系统级建模的要求,提出了一种融合各学科模型的主模型建模技术.采用结构-行为-功能三组元描述了多学科设计的概念模型,并指出MDO建模所要解决的耦合问题.在此基础上,定义了多学科主模型.结合MDO的理论模型,建立了由系统结构模型、系统功能模型、学科结构视图和学科功能视图组成的主模型,采用三个转换模块在主模型内部解决多学科耦合问题.描述了基于CAD软件构建主模型的方法和步骤,并综合主模型、CAD、CAE、多学科优化、软件集成等技术,建立了多学科设计系统的构架.以高超声速飞行器为例,在CATIA环境中建立了包括:气动、发动机、弹道、结构、隐身、气动热/热保护系统等六个学科的主模型,初步验证了主模型技术在MDO问题中应用的可行性.