The PROCESS experiment: an astrochemistry laboratory for solid and gaseous organic samples in low-earth orbit

The PROCESS (PRebiotic Organic ChEmistry on the Space Station) experiment was part of the EXPOSE-E payload outside the European Columbus module of the International Space Station from February 2008 to August 2009. During this interval, organic samples were exposed to space conditions to simulate their evolution in various astrophysical environments. The samples used represent organic species related to the evolution of organic matter on the small bodies of the Solar System (carbonaceous asteroids and comets), the photolysis of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, and the search for organic matter at the surface of Mars. This paper describes the hardware developed for this experiment as well as the results for the glycine solid-phase samples and the gas-phase samples that were used with regard to the atmosphere of Titan. Lessons learned from this experiment are also presented for future low-Earth orbit astrochemistry investigations.     

LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life

Abstract Life Investigation For Enceladus (LIFE) presents a low-cost sample return mission to Enceladus, a body with high astrobiological potential. There is ample evidence that liquid water exists under ice coverage in the form of active geysers in the "tiger stripes" area of the southern Enceladus hemisphere. This active plume consists of gas and ice particles and enables the sampling of fresh materials from the interior that may originate from a liquid water source. The particles consist mostly of water ice and are 1-10?μ in diameter. The plume composition shows H(2)O, CO(2), CH(4), NH(3), Ar, and evidence that more complex organic species might be present. Since life on Earth exists whenever liquid water, organics, and energy coexist, understanding the chemical components of the emanating ice particles could indicate whether life is potentially present on Enceladus. The icy worlds of the outer planets are testing grounds for some of the theories for the origin of life on Earth. The LIFE mission concept is envisioned in two parts: first, to orbit Saturn (in order to achieve lower sampling speeds, approaching 2 km/s, and thus enable a softer sample collection impact than Stardust, and to make possible multiple flybys of Enceladus); second, to sample Enceladus' plume, the E ring of Saturn, and the Titan upper atmosphere. With new findings from these samples, NASA could provide detailed chemical and isotopic and, potentially, biological compositional context of the plume. Since the duration of the Enceladus plume is unpredictable, it is imperative that these samples are captured at the earliest flight opportunity. If LIFE is launched before 2019, it could take advantage of a Jupiter gravity assist, which would thus reduce mission lifetimes and launch vehicle costs. The LIFE concept offers science returns comparable to those of a Flagship mission but at the measurably lower sample return costs of a Discovery-class mission. Key Words: Astrobiology-Habitability-Enceladus-Biosignatures. Astrobiology 12, 730-742.     

轮对测量机控制系统设计与实现

针对国内依靠人工测量轮对外形尺寸存效率低和自动化水平不高的现状,提出了一种基于工控机+运动控制卡的轮对尺寸自动测量系统。系统以VS2010+MFC作为上位机软件开发平台,使用2个GALILDMC运动控制卡作为伺服电机控制以及数据采集的下位机系统。以1机2卡完成自动测量的控制系统方案,设计软硬件实现了轮对外形尺寸的自动测量,满足技术要求。     

脉动装配生产线的应用与发展

随着商用飞机的需求量急剧增长,军用飞机的研制任务增多,传统的机库式(停车场式)飞机装配模式已无法适应现代飞机制造的要求,很多世界级飞机制造商都对飞机装配生产线作了重大研究。在这种背景下,一种先进的飞机脉动装配生产线应运而生。在科技高速发展的今天,现代飞机制造的环境发生了变化。随着商用飞机的需求量急剧增长,军用飞机的研制任务增多,传统的机库式(停车场式)飞机装配模式已无法适应现代飞机制造的要求,很多世界级飞机制造商都对飞机装配生产线作了重大研究。在这种背景下,一种先进的飞机脉动装配生产线应运而生[1]。     

边界层对可调节进气道性能的影响

给出了马赫数2-6、单位雷诺数（0．8-6．0）×10^7／m时下吹式风洞中可调节三维进气道的试验研究结果。研究了前缘前掠和后掠方案以及进气道人口前边界层的影响。测量了内流道内的压力分布、质量流量和总压恢复系数;确定了进气道启动与马赫数和流动工况的关系。研究结果表明：边界层对流场结构和模型进气道的性能有着决定性影响,相对简单的进气道调节方案可以增大其稳定运行范围。     

Alfvn Waves in the Solar Wind

Alfvn waves are found to be ubiquitous in the solar wind.Recent progress in observational studies of the waves is reviewed to formulate a microscopic picture for the Alfvenic fluctuations. The main aspects of the observational properties of these waves,including the wave intervals, propagation,evolution,origin and generation,are presented.Then Alfven wave heating and acceleration of the solar wind plasma are briefly introduced.The relation of the waves to rotational and tangential discontinuities,magnetic decreases,and other relatively large-scale structures such as flux tubes/ropes,magnetic clouds and interplanetary coronal mass ejections in the solar wind is particularly investigated.Finally,some remaining open questions are also indicated due to their fundamental importance of understanding of the physical nature of Alfven waves and the role of the waves in heating and accelerating the solar wind.     

椭圆轨道非线性相对运动模型的周期解与应用

在长期的航天器编队飞行中传统的基于线性相对运动模型设计编队保持轨道的方法会引起较多的燃料消耗.首先采用摄动法解析地求得了考虑二阶非线性项时椭圆轨道相对运动模型的周期性条件和周期解;然后以此周期解为参考轨道设计了基于Lyapunov稳定的PD保持控制律.仿真结果表明:基于椭圆轨道非线性相对运动模型的周期解较基于椭圆轨道线性相对运动模型的周期解,精度明显提高;以前者为参考轨道的保持控制与以后者为参考轨道的保持控制相比,燃耗明显降低.     

基于制导信息的一维波束可控随机脉位脉冲多普勒引信技术研究

针对空空导弹引信的任务特点,综合采用了基于制导信息的起爆控制算法技术、自适应调整天线波束倾角技术、基于频域信号处理的数字信号处理技术设计了总体技术方案.仿真分析和试验表明,系统实现了对作战飞机、导弹等不同类型目标的智能探测,提高了对目标的探测灵敏度和抗干扰能力.     

空中加油伸缩套管控制研究

研究了对接包线内伸缩套管的建模和控制问题。建立了大气扰动中的伸缩套管模型,采用H∞方法设计了伸缩套管的控制律,并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,在该控制律作用下,伸缩套管系统具有良好的跟踪能力,抗干扰性能提升了1个数量级。     

复杂结构模压模具的加工方法

分析了模压模具结构形状上的特点和其空间角度及尺寸加工上的难点,由于该模具结构形状复杂,加工精度要求高,其空间角度和尺寸在普通设备加工保证较为困难。重点阐明了利用现有的普通加工设备,采取相应的工艺方案来保证模具工件的空间角度及尺寸的加工方法。