38颗星链卫星坠毁:谁是罪魁祸首?

整个发射任务是那样平常,甚至有些无聊——这样的"星链"发射任务已经在2021年进行了多达17次,战无不胜,媒体对类似的发射任务早已见怪不怪,连航天爱好者也对这样的发射直播失去了兴趣. 然而,就在人们都认为一帆风顺、所向披靡的太空探索技术公司不会出现什么疏漏时,2月8日该公司一则声明惊天雷般打破了这一切的平静——"2月3...     

混合式惯导原理及其在弹载环境下应用

在介绍混合式惯导技术起源与发展、工作原理、误差抑制机理以及影响因素的基础上,从工程应用的角度,对弹载环境的特点及其在弹载应用中关注的导航策略、动态响应特性以及稳定控制技术等内容进行了分析,为后续工程应用奠定基础。     

利用GPS进行姿态估计的一种算法

首先建立了全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）姿态确定的观测方程;然后给出了利用ＧＰＳ进行飞行器姿态估计的模型,并对该模型进行了线性处理;最后利用攻推广卡尔曼滤波技术,针对某飞行器进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,对于不同的测量噪声和系统噪声,滤波器都有较好的估计,姿态估计的精度明显高于单纯ＧＰＳ姿态确定的精度,可以满足大多数飞行器对姿态确定的要求,证实了模型和算法可用性。     

钝尾物体底部压力计算

 提出了一种简便可靠的计算钝尾物体表面压力分布及底部压力的方法。将钝尾物体绕流流场分为无粘区、边界层区和分离区。无粘区和边界层区分别用位流理论和边界层理论计算。分离区由根据尾流函数等建立的替代模型模拟。利用奇点法解出整个模型的压力分布。计算釆用迭代法进行。对Vanwagenen模型和鲁尔大学模型进行了计算,结果表明该方法是成功的。     

超高速激光熔化扫描速度对Al-Mg-Sc高强铝合金性能的影响

为了明确超高速激光熔化沉积Al-Mg-Sc高强铝合金的沉积态组织及力学性能特征,以7075铝合金为基体,采用自主开发的LDF3000-40型激光熔化沉积设备制备Al-Mg-Sc高强铝合金,探究激光扫描速度对材料微观组织与室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：超高速激光熔化沉积样品均无明显裂纹,但含有少量小尺寸气孔。沉积态组织由细小的α-Al等轴晶及弥散分布的Al₃(Sc,Zr)颗粒构成。利用数值模拟进一步研究扫描速度对力学性能的影响,发现在0.1～1 m/s范围内,较高的激光扫描速度能减少粉末材料的堆积,降低沉积层表面的孔隙率,因此可以提高力学性能。沉积态样品最大抗拉强度为303 MPa,断裂伸长率为22.5%。     

150kV/30kW逆变式电子束焊接高压电源设计

针对150kV/30kW电子束焊接高压电源高电压、大功率输出的要求,低压电路采用IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)逆变隔离直流电源与逆变全桥串联的主电路拓扑,高压电路由3组升压变压器与10倍压整流电路的串联结构并联组成;设计了高压采样电路、束流采样电路,以及双闭环控制电路.基于上述技术,实现了150kV/30kW高电压大功率输出.实验结果表明高压加速电源的输出线性度和束流输出线性度较好,同时高压稳定度和束流稳定度均在0.5%左右,能够满足电子束焊接的要求.     

The PROCESS experiment: an astrochemistry laboratory for solid and gaseous organic samples in low-earth orbit

The PROCESS (PRebiotic Organic ChEmistry on the Space Station) experiment was part of the EXPOSE-E payload outside the European Columbus module of the International Space Station from February 2008 to August 2009. During this interval, organic samples were exposed to space conditions to simulate their evolution in various astrophysical environments. The samples used represent organic species related to the evolution of organic matter on the small bodies of the Solar System (carbonaceous asteroids and comets), the photolysis of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, and the search for organic matter at the surface of Mars. This paper describes the hardware developed for this experiment as well as the results for the glycine solid-phase samples and the gas-phase samples that were used with regard to the atmosphere of Titan. Lessons learned from this experiment are also presented for future low-Earth orbit astrochemistry investigations.     

LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life

Abstract Life Investigation For Enceladus (LIFE) presents a low-cost sample return mission to Enceladus, a body with high astrobiological potential. There is ample evidence that liquid water exists under ice coverage in the form of active geysers in the "tiger stripes" area of the southern Enceladus hemisphere. This active plume consists of gas and ice particles and enables the sampling of fresh materials from the interior that may originate from a liquid water source. The particles consist mostly of water ice and are 1-10?μ in diameter. The plume composition shows H(2)O, CO(2), CH(4), NH(3), Ar, and evidence that more complex organic species might be present. Since life on Earth exists whenever liquid water, organics, and energy coexist, understanding the chemical components of the emanating ice particles could indicate whether life is potentially present on Enceladus. The icy worlds of the outer planets are testing grounds for some of the theories for the origin of life on Earth. The LIFE mission concept is envisioned in two parts: first, to orbit Saturn (in order to achieve lower sampling speeds, approaching 2 km/s, and thus enable a softer sample collection impact than Stardust, and to make possible multiple flybys of Enceladus); second, to sample Enceladus' plume, the E ring of Saturn, and the Titan upper atmosphere. With new findings from these samples, NASA could provide detailed chemical and isotopic and, potentially, biological compositional context of the plume. Since the duration of the Enceladus plume is unpredictable, it is imperative that these samples are captured at the earliest flight opportunity. If LIFE is launched before 2019, it could take advantage of a Jupiter gravity assist, which would thus reduce mission lifetimes and launch vehicle costs. The LIFE concept offers science returns comparable to those of a Flagship mission but at the measurably lower sample return costs of a Discovery-class mission. Key Words: Astrobiology-Habitability-Enceladus-Biosignatures. Astrobiology 12, 730-742.