Aero-thermo-elastic Numerical Calculation and Analysis of Spinning Rocket

The application of computational fluid dynamics/computational solid method （CFD/CSM） on solving the aero-thermo-elastic problem of spinning rocket is introduced. Firstly, the aerodynamic coefficients of a rocket are calculated, and the results are compared with the available experimental data, which verified the accuracy of the CFD output. Then, analysis is carried using ANSYS Workbench multi-physics coupling platform, which includes fluid, thermal, and structural solvers. The results show that spinning causes a significant effect on the de formations and stresses. Furthermore, thermal stresses due to high temperature at the rocket warhead and tail edges have a dominated effect, even more than those produced by aerodynamic forces. Consequently, this important outcome should be taken into consideration during the rocket design stages.     

复合固体推进剂中氧化剂和粘合剂的分解/爆燃综述

复合固体推进剂燃烧时,粘合剂和氧化剂的分解起着非常重要的作用。复合推进剂配方中,过氯酸铵(AP)是目前实际使用的氧化剂。根据应用于推进剂的情况,收集综述了粘合剂和 AP 分解的有关资料。本综述可以用来了解推进剂的燃烧机理。     

基于目标机动新模型的被动寻的导弹制导律

假设某些目标能作正交于其速度矢量的规避机动,提出一种新的随机动态目标模型.利用增益修正广义卡尔曼滤波器来估计目标状态和在线建立目标机动的角速率.推导出可使二次型性能指标极小化的制导律,对于二维的只有角测量的情况,数值仿真表明,所提出的目标模型会使目标状态的估计得到明显的改进.此外,还给出采用这种新制导方法对终端脱靶距离的影响,并与高斯-马尔可夫模型作了比较.     

A status report on the characterization of the microgravity environment of the International Space Station

A primary objective of the International Space Station is to provide a long-term quiescent environment for the conduct of scientific research for a variety of microgravity science disciplines. Since continuous human presence on the space station began in November 2000 through the end of Increment-6, over 1260 hours of crew time have been allocated to research. However, far more research time has been accumulated by experiments controlled on the ground. By the end of the time period covered by this paper (end of Increment-6), the total experiment hours performed on the station are well over 100,000 hours (Expedition 6 Press Kit: Station Begins Third Year of Human Occupation, Boeing/USA/NASA, October 25, 2002). This paper presents the results of the on-going effort by the Principal Investigator Microgravity Services project, at NASA Glenn Research Center, in Cleveland, Ohio, to characterize the microgravity environment of the International Space Station in order to keep the microgravity scientific community apprised of the reduced gravity environment provided by the station for the performance of space experiments. This paper focuses on the station microgravity environment for Increments 5 and 6. During that period over 580 Gbytes of acceleration data were collected, out of which over 34,790 hours were analyzed. The results presented in this paper are divided into two sections: quasi-steady and vibratory. For the quasi-steady analysis, over 7794 hours of acceleration data were analyzed, while over 27,000 hours were analyzed for the vibratory analysis. The results of the data analysis are presented in this paper in the form of a grand summary for the period under consideration. For the quasi-steady acceleration response, results are presented in the form of a 95% confidence interval for the station during "normal microgravity mode operations" for the following three attitudes: local vertical local horizontal, X-axis perpendicular to the orbit plane and the Russian torque equilibrium attitude. The same analysis was performed for the station during "non-microgravity mode operations" to assess the station quasi-steady acceleration environment over a long period of time. The same type of analysis was performed for the vibratory, but a 95th percentile benchmark was used, which shows the overall acceleration magnitude during Increments 5 and 6. The results, for both quasi-steady and vibratory acceleration response, show that the station is not yet meeting the microgravity requirements during the microgravity mode operations. However, it should be stressed that the requirements apply only at assembly complete, whereas the results presented below apply up to the station's configuration at the end of Increment-6.     

A perspective on the importance of reproductive mode in astrobiology

Reproduction is a vital characteristic of life, and sex is the most common reproductive mode in the eukaryotic world. Sex and reproduction are not necessarily linked mechanisms: Sexuality without reproduction exists, while several forms of asexual reproduction are known. The occurrence of sexuality itself is paradoxical, as it is very costly in evolutionary terms. Most of the hypotheses (more than 20) attempting to explain the prevalence of sex fall into two categories: Sex either creates good gene combinations for adaptation to environments or eliminates bad gene combinations counteracting the accumulation of mutations. In spite of this apparent wealth of beneficial effects of sex, asexuality is not rare. Most eukaryotic, asexual lineages are short-lived and can only persist through the presence of sexual roots, but at least two animal groups, bdelloid rotifers and darwinulid ostracods, seem to claim the status of ancient asexuals. Research on (a)sexuality is relevant to astrobiology in a number of ways. First, strong relationships between the origin and persistence of life in extreme environments and reproductive mode are known. Second, the "habitability" of nonterrestrial environments to life greatly depends on reproductive mode. Whereas asexuals can do equally well or better in harsh environments, they fail to adapt fast enough to changing abiotic and biotic environments. Third, it has been shown that plants reproduce mainly asexually in space, and sperm production and motility in some vertebrates are hampered. Both findings indicate that extraterrestrial life under conditions different from Earth might be dominated by asexual reproduction. Finally, for exchange of biological material between planets, the choice of reproductive mode will be important.     

Lessons learned from the Space Flyer Unit (SFU) mission

The Space Flyer Unit (SFU) system and mission chronology are briefly introduced. Lessons learned from the SFU mission are categorized as programmatic and engineering lessons. In the programmatic category are dealt with both international and domestic collaborations. As for the engineering lessons safety design, orbital operation, in-flight anomaly, and post flight analyses are the major topics reviewed.     

Effects of repeated long duration +2Gz load on man's cardiovascular function

Usefulness of a short-arm human centrifuge is expected when it is used in space as a countermeasure against cardiovascular deconditioning, problem of bone-calcium metabolism, etc. However, nothing is solidly established regarding the most desirable program for artificial G application. Accordingly, this study was designed to analytically evaluate the effects of repeated long duration +Gz load on human cardiovascular function. Recently heart rate spectral analysis has been recognized as a powerful tool for quantitatively evaluating parasympathetic and sympathetic activity separately in human. It is reported that power of the high frequency component (HF-p) is mediated selectively by parasympathetic activity and the power ratio of low to high frequency components(LF/HF) is indicative of cardiac sympathetic activity or cardiac sympathovagal balance. Sequence method is developed to examine spontaneous baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS). We studied cardiovascular control function by using these methods in 9 healthy men before and after 7 days of daily repeated 1hour +2Gz load. When compared with the data of pre-G load period, post-G load period, decrease of HR, increases of HF-p and BRS were statistically significant. SBP, DBP and LF/HF tended to decrease, however, these changes were not statistically significant. This results indicate that repeated +2Gz load increases parasympathetic activity and arterial baroreceptor-cardiac reflex sensitivity. In recent years, many investigators suggest that space flight and head-down bedrest leads to impaired baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responses and decrease of parasympathetic activity, which may contribute to orthostatic intolerance. So our results suggest that daily repeated 1hour +2Gz load would be useful in preventing post-flight orthostatic intolerance.     

瞄准级光纤陀螺

光纤陀螺是一种具有广泛用途的固态旋转传感器，而且在新的方案中，它还将成为环形激光陀螺的有力竞争对手，光纤陀螺将会大量生产，以代替有方案中的陀螺转子技术，光纤陀螺的高可靠性，输入轴高稳定性及加速度的低灵敏度，将在很长一段时间保持它的先进性，ＡｌｌｅｄＳｉｎｇｎａｌ设计瞄准光纤陀螺（ＰＧＦＯＧ）来代替它目前制造一种高性能机械陀螺仪，精细的隔热设计，陀螺组合技术，光源强度噪声抑制方法和光源波长控制已发展     

高码率可编程帧同步器

印度的第一颗遥感卫星在1988年3月17日从苏联航天站发射到904km的极地太阳同步轨道。从卫星发送的数据高码速率如下:在S波段是5.2Mbps,x波段是10.4Mbps,载荷数据格式是常用的8328字格式。在数据处理系统的各研制阶段,为测试数据已研制了一种独特的可编程通用帧同步器和分路部件。它可以工作到50Mbps,处理的帧码组长度达128位,每帧长度为2e~(20)位码。此设备可在前面板设置允许误码和码位滑动。本文描述了专为IRS飞行器研制的高码率帧同步器的设计和工作过程。简介指标,系统结构同步方法,码位滑动及测试情况,表明该同步器已获得广泛应用。本设备将大大改善系统的工作性能。     

利用简易再入舱从轨道系统上回收小有效载荷

从轨道上返回实验结果或样品有两种可能性;1)同可返回的(地基的)有效载荷运载器一起返回;2)利用空间的轨道系统(如哥伦布舱)上的专用再入舱返回。所推荐的TAURUS返回系统可在空间站运行期间将小有效载荷(m<20kg)频繁地返回地面。本文根据OHB系统有限公司的可行性研究,提出了TAURUS返回方案,叙述了主要的系统部件。即有效载荷舱、弹射装置及辅助装置。根据TAURUS任务的详细分析,并考虑了可能的有效载荷和轨道力学要素,确定了TAURUS系统方案。此外,为了论证系统适应性,还讨论了该系统对轨道系统和有效载荷的可能影响。