CCD互相关粒子图像测速及其在对抗流流场测量中的应用

在常规自相关粒子图像测速（ＰＩＶ）系统的基础上,发展了一个采用ＣＣＤ像机的互相关粒子图像测速系统。用这一新系统测量了对抗流流场的结果表明,这一技术克服了自相关粒子图像测速技术在测量具有滞止点的流场中的困难。实验说明,与自相关粒子图像测速技术相比,这一技术更快捷有效。     

热载荷下轻质复合结构件的应力和应变分析

复合结构件在固化和其它使用环境条件中,均受到热载荷的作用。这类结构的横向热膨胀系数(CTEs)大,刚度低;但平面的刚度高,热胀系数小。本文分析了典型的复合结构件,即空间天线反射器的曲面薄壳,由温度引起的应力和变形。     

Gravity perception and signal transduction in single cells

Cellular signal processing in multi-, as well as in unicellular organisms, has to rely on fundamentally similar mechanisms. Free-living single cells often use the gravity vector for their spatial orientation (gravitaxis) and show distinct gravisensitivities. In this investigation the gravisensitive giant ameboid cell Physarum polycephalum (Myxomycetes, acellular slime molds) is used. Its gravitaxis and the modulation of its intrinsic rhythmic contraction activity by gravity was demonstrated in 180 °turn experiments and in simulated, as well as in actual, near-weightlessness studies (fast-rotating clinostat; Spacelab D1, IML-1). The stimulus perception was addressed in an IML-2 experiment, which provided information on the gravireceptor itself by the determination of the cell's acceleration-sensitivity threshold. Ground-based experiments designed to elucidate the subsequent steps in signal transduction leading to a motor response, suggest that an acceleration stimulus induces changes in the level of second messenger, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), indicating also that the acceleration-stimulus signal transduction chain of Physarum uses an ubiquitous second messenger pathway.     

用于定常二维跨声速喷管流动分析的N—S解程序

本文介绍了用于分析平面和轴对称定常跨声速喷管流动的有效的Navier—Stokes解算法。本法是利用跳格数值算法在物理上取的坐标中求解守衡型非定常可压缩N—S方程。分析了几种定常跨声速粘性喷管层流,给出了计算结果,并与实验结果进行比较,证实了数值方法的精度和效率。     

固体火箭发动机点火器热通量的测量

使用箔式铂热通量计,对两种几何形状不同的点火器进行瞬间和轴向热通量分布的测量。所用的参数是不同的点火药量,管子长度和喷管喉径。对烟火剂燃烧产生的粒状物质的粒度分布作了研究,并且推论了这种粒子分布对总热量的影响。辐射在总热量传递过程中相对来说是不重要的,而在点火器作用期间,业径发现,由于粒子传热引起的“点”的热通量是热传递的最重要方式之一,事实上,这种传热方式可能是固体火箭发动机中点火火焰最初出现的原因。     

Calcium movement of sarcoplasmic reticulum from hindlimb suspended muscle

The function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was examined in the slow soleus and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats submitted to 14 days of weightlessness produced by hindlimb suspension (HS). Ca2+ uptake, Ca2+ release and passive Ca2+ leakage through the SR membrane were investigated using a method of caffeine-induced contracture on the single mechanically skinned fibers. In the SR of suspended soleus muscles, the rate of Ca2+ uptake was higher than in the control muscles. However, there was no difference between the suspended and control muscles in the rate of Ca2+ uptake of the SR in EDL after HS. In soleus muscles, Ca2+ movements of the SR from the suspended muscle acquired the properties that were similar to those of the control fast muscle. The study of Ca2+ leakage showed that the velocity and amount of passive Ca2+ leakage from SR in soleus and EDL were apparently increased after HS. The results suggested that the functional properties of the SR membrane in slow and fast muscles were changed after HS.     

固体火箭发动机喷管型面最佳化技术的研究

本文分析了喷管型面结构对固体推进剂火箭发动机性能和效率的影响。本研究使用三种分析方法,它们是:赫克力斯的Ⅰ_(SP)法(HIMET),固体性能程序(SPP)和普度大学 Jo-seph Hoffman 博士的直接寻求法。这些分析方法确定发动机中的流动和热损失,并以比冲(I_(SP))损失表示。在本分析中,分别考虑了扩散、摩擦、热、粒子滞后、侵蚀和化学不平衡等方面带来的损失。对采用抛物线、园弧线和特征线的喷管型面的发动机进行了性能比较。在固定喷管外轮廓(长和直径)不变的条件下研究了典型的低空和高空工作的发动机。这些计算结果对喷管型面设计有了有益的深入理解。本研究指出:第一,最佳起始扩散角随所采用的喷管型面和分析方法而变;第二,对于给定的喷管外轮廓,不论是抛物线型面、园弧线型面还是特征线型面,所获得的最大比冲基本上是相同的;第三,如果喷管型面不是最佳,就会出现明显的性能损失;第四,分析的Ⅰ(SP)预示方法能有效地用于固体推进剂火箭发动机的喷管型面设计;第五,可延伸出口锥能改进主喷管的性能。