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991.
A. Buch R. Sternberg C. Szopa C. Freissinet C. Garnier El J. Bekri C. Rodier R. Navarro-González F. Raulin M. Cabane M. Stambouli D.P. Glavin P.R. Mahaffy 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases. 相似文献
992.
一种大变形多空间域连续体结构拓扑优化方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对大变形非线性结构拓扑优化问题,提出了基于混合细胞自动机(HCA, Hybrid Cellular Automata)多空间域连续体结构拓扑优化方法;采用密度法,建立了单元相对密度表示的材料弹-塑性模型;以单元相对密度和应变能作为细胞自动机(CA,Cellular Automata)的状态信息,利用CA局部控制规则,修改相对密度,迭代实现各设计空间域应变能均匀分布;设计了多空间域拓扑优化HCA算法,采取多个对象同时耦合优化迭代,各自收敛策略,解决了多空间域优化迭代算法收敛稳定性问题;最后,以汽车保险杆结构横梁和支撑等两个设计空间为例,施加大变形动态载荷作用,对提出的多空间结构优化算法进行了验证,优化后结构有效地降低了碰撞作用力峰值达54%,提高了结构安全性. 相似文献
993.
Plasmaspheric Density Structures and Dynamics: Properties Observed by the CLUSTER and IMAGE Missions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fabien Darrouzet Dennis L. Gallagher Nicolas André Donald L. Carpenter Iannis Dandouras Pierrette M. E. Décréau Johan De Keyser Richard E. Denton John C. Foster Jerry Goldstein Mark B. Moldwin Bodo W. Reinisch Bill R. Sandel Jiannan Tu 《Space Science Reviews》2009,145(1-2):55-106
Plasmaspheric density structures have been studied since the discovery of the plasmasphere in the late 1950s. But the advent of the Cluster and Image missions in 2000 has added substantially to our knowledge of density structures, thanks to the new capabilities of those missions: global imaging with Image and four-point in situ measurements with Cluster. The study of plasma sources and losses has given new results on refilling rates and erosion processes. Two-dimensional density images of the plasmasphere have been obtained. The spatial gradient of plasmaspheric density has been computed. The ratios between H+, He+ and O+ have been deduced from different ion measurements. Plasmaspheric plumes have been studied in detail with new tools, which provide information on their morphology, dynamics and occurrence. Density structures at smaller scales have been revealed with those missions, structures that could not be clearly distinguished before the global images from Image and the four-point measurements by Cluster became available. New terms have been given to these structures, like “shoulders”, “channels”, “fingers” and “crenulations”. This paper reviews the most relevant new results about the plasmaspheric plasma obtained since the start of the Cluster and Image missions. 相似文献
994.
G. Gloeckler L. A. Fisk J. Geiss M. E. Hill D. C. Hamilton R. B. Decker S. M. Krimigis 《Space Science Reviews》2009,143(1-4):163-175
Knowledge of the elemental composition of the interstellar gas is of fundamental importance for understanding galactic chemical evolution. In addition to spectroscopic determinations of certain element abundance ratios, measurements of the composition of interstellar pickup ions and Anomalous Cosmic Rays (ACRs) have provided the principal means to obtain this critical information. Recent advances in our understanding of particle acceleration processes in the heliosphere and measurements by the Voyagers of the energy spectra and composition of energetic particles in the heliosheath provide us with another means of determining the abundance of the neutral components of the local interstellar gas. Here we compare the composition at the termination shock of six elements obtained from measurements of (a) pickup ions at ~5 AU, (b) ACRs in the heliosphere at ~70 AU, and (c) energetic particles as well as (d) ACRs in the heliosheath at ~100 AU. We find consistency among these four sets of derived neutral abundances. The average interstellar neutral densities at the termination shock for H, N, O, Ne and Ar are found to be 0.055±0.021 cm?3, (1.44±0.45)×10?5 cm?3, (6.46±1.89)×10?5 cm?3, (8.5±3.3)×10?6 cm?3, and (1.08±0.49)×10?7 cm?3, respectively, assuming the He density is 0.0148±0.002 cm?3. 相似文献
995.
The Ionization Gauge Investigation for the Streak Mission 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. H. Clemmons L. M. Friesen N. Katz M. Ben-Ami Y. Dotan R. L. Bishop 《Space Science Reviews》2009,145(3-4):263-283
996.
V. Florinski A. Balogh J. R. Jokipii D. J. McComas M. Opher N. V. Pogorelov J. D. Richardson E. C. Stone B. E. Wood 《Space Science Reviews》2009,143(1-4):57-83
Properties of the heliospheric interface, a complex product of an interaction between charged and neutral particles and magnetic fields in the heliosphere and surrounding Circumheliospheric Medium, are far from being fully understood. Recent Voyager spacecraft encounters with the termination shock and their observations in the heliosheath revealed multiple energetic particle populations and noticeable spatial asymmetries not accounted for by the classic theories. Some of the challenges still facing space physicists include the origin of anomalous cosmic rays, particle acceleration downstream of the termination shock, the role of interstellar magnetic fields in producing the global asymmetry of the interface, the influence of charge exchange and interstellar neutral atoms on heliospheric plasma flows, and the signatures of solar magnetic cycle in the heliosheath. These and other outstanding issues are reviewed in this joint report of working groups 4 and 6. 相似文献
997.
I. M. Zakirov K. A. Alekseev R. A. Kayumov I. R. Gainutdinov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2009,52(3):347-350
We consider some general problems of improving the strength characteristics of folded cores as well as the corresponding techniques
for modifying the core material polymer surfaces with the use of nanotechnologies and the “mass-strength” criteria. 相似文献
998.
Yu. F. Gortyshov V. M. Gureev R. Sh. Misbakhov I. F. Gumerov A. P. Shaikin 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2009,52(4):488-490
We present the results of experimental studies of the fuel hydrogen additive influence on the characteristics of a gas-piston
engine converted for operation by natural gas under changes of an ignition advance angle (IAA). The results of investigations
were used to determine the influence of the hydrogen additive on the effective engine efficiency and fuel consumption under
IAA changes. 相似文献
999.
R.M. Baevsky I.I. Funtova A. Diedrich A.G. Chernikova J. Drescher V.M. Baranov J. Tank 《Acta Astronautica》2009,65(7-8):930-932
Investigations of blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) during long term space flights on board the “ISS” have shown characteristic changes of autonomic cardiovascular control. Therefore, alterations of the autonomic nervous system occurring during spaceflight may be responsible for in- and post-flight disturbances. The device “Pneumocard” was developed to further investigate autonomic cardiovascular and respiratory function aboard the ISS. The hard-software diagnostic complex “Pneumocard” was used during in-flight experiment aboard ISS for autonomic function testing. ECG, photoplethysmography, respiration, transthoracic bioimpedance and seismocardiography were assessed in one male cosmonaut (flight lengths six month). Recordings were made prior to the flight, late during flight, and post-flight during spontaneous respiration and controlled respiration at different rates.HR remained stable during flight. The values were comparable to supine measurements on earth. Respiratory frequency and blood pressure decreased during flight. Post flight HR and BP values increased compared to in-flight data exceeding pre-flight values. Cardiac time intervals did not change dramatically during flight. Pulse wave transit time decreased during flight. The maximum of the first time derivative of the impedance cardiogram, which is highly correlated with stroke volume was not reduced in-flight.Our results demonstrate that autonomic function testing aboard the ISS using “Pneumocard” is feasible and generates data of good quality. Despite the decrease in BP, pulse wave transit time was found reduced in space as shown earlier. However, cardiac output did not decrease profoundly in the investigated cosmonaut.Autonomic testing during space flight detects individual changes in cardiovascular control and may add important information to standard medical control. The recent plans to support a flight to Mars, makes these kinds of observations all the more relevant and compelling. 相似文献
1000.
O. Koudelka G. Egger B. Josseck N. Deschamp C. Cordell Grant D. Foisy R. Zee W. Weiss R. Kuschnig A. Scholtz W. Keim 《Acta Astronautica》2009,64(11-12):1144-1149
A nanosatellite to investigate the brightness oscillations of massive luminous stars by differential photometry is currently developed by a Canadian/Austrian team within the BRITE (Bright Target Explorer) project. The first Austrian satellite funded by the Austrian Space Program, called TUGSAT-1/BRITE-Austria, builds on the space heritage of the most successful Canadian CanX-2 and MOST missions. The satellite makes use of recent advances in miniaturized attitude determination and control systems. Precision three-axis stabilization by small reaction wheels and a star tracker provides the necessary accuracy for the photometer telescope to the arcminute level. This will provide to the astronomers photometric data of the most massive stars with unprecedented precision; data which cannot be obtained from the ground due to limitations imposed by the terrestrial atmosphere.The paper describes the spacecraft characteristics and the ground infrastructure being established in support of the BRITE mission which will consist of a constellation of up to four nearly identical satellites allowing to carry out long-term observation of stars (magnitude +3.5) not only with respect to brightness variations, but also in different spectrum ranges. 相似文献