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231.
Preparations and proposals for the 1992 International Space Year are being made which cover a wide range of activities, organizations and nations; the momentum is building. There is an urgent need for an informal and independent ISY Steering Committee to legitimize the ISY and catalyse activities. With creativity and international cooperation, the International Space Year could be the most inspiring and transforming activity of the space age. 相似文献
232.
The NASA/DLR satellite gravity mission GRACE, launched in March, 2002, will map the Earth's gravity field at scales of a few
hundred km and greater, every 30 days for five years. These data can be used to solve for time-variations in the gravity field
with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. One of the many scientific problems that can be addressed with these time-variable
gravity estimates, is post glacial rebound (PGR): the viscous adjustment of the solid Earth in response to the deglaciation
of the Earth's surface following the last ice age.
In this paper we examine the expected sensitivity of the GRACE measurements to the PGR signal, and explore the accuracy with
which the PGR signal can be separated from other secular gravity signals. We do this by constructing synthetic GRACE data
that include contributions from a PGR model as well as from a number of other geophysical processes, and then looking to see
how well the PGR model can be recovered from those synthetic data. We conclude that the availability of GRACE data should
result in improved estimates of the Earth's viscosity profile.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
233.
单转子风扇的三维反问题气动设计 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用准三维流函数反问题设计方法与三维 N-S求解方法的相互迭代对单转子风扇进行气动设计。在叶片初步计算中得到叶栅进出口气流角沿径向分布 ,并将它作为本文的目标函数。采用准三维反问题求解方法 ,依次构造出各个 S1流面上的叶片几何形状和气流角分布。然后再采用 N-S方程的求解方法 ,对叶片进行全三维流场的数值计算。通过 N-S方程计算结果与目标函数的对比 ,重新修正叶片出口气流角分布 ,并作为下一次反问题设计的目标函数。经过反问题与 N-S方程求解的反复迭代 ,最终得到满足设计要求的叶型。 相似文献
234.
A laboratory study has been made of concepts that utilize a laser for a vibration measurement device. The laser beam possesses the needed characteristics for a spatially directed carrier capable of detecting and transmitting vibration information to remote data processing equipment; furthermore, such a laser vibration measurement device can accomplish the measurement without mechanical contact with the structure under test. The measurement technique utilizes the Doppler shift produced on a wave reflected from a surface vibrating normal to the beam path. Several techniques are available for detecting the Doppler shift; optical heterodyne or homodyne detection and microwave subcarrier modulation methods are candidates for practical instruments. Preliminary results from laboratory experiments indicate Optical heterodyne detection to be the most practical method with present state-of-the-art equipment. 相似文献
235.
236.
Dehant Veronique Debaille Vinciane Dobos Vera Gaillard Fabrice Gillmann Cedric Goderis Steven Grenfell John Lee Höning Dennis Javaux Emmanuelle J. Karatekin Özgür Morbidelli Alessandro Noack Lena Rauer Heike Scherf Manuel Spohn Tilman Tackley Paul Van Hoolst Tim Wünnemann Kai 《Space Science Reviews》2019,215(6):1-48
Space Science Reviews - This paper reviews habitability conditions for a terrestrial planet from the point of view of geosciences. It addresses how interactions between the interior of a planet or... 相似文献
237.
J. Chang J.H. Adams Jr. H.S. Ahn G.L. Bashindzhagyan K.E. Batkov M. Christl A.R. Fazely O. Ganel R.M. Gunashingha T.G. Guzik J. Isbert K.C. Kim E.N. Kouznetsov Z.W. Lin M.I. Panasyuk A.D. Panov W.K.H. Schmidt E.S. Seo N.V. Sokolskaya John W. Watts J.P. Wefel J. Wu V.I. Zatsepin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) experiment is designed for high energy cosmic ray ion detection. The possibility to identify high energy primary cosmic ray electrons in the presence of the ‘background’ of cosmic ray protons has been studied by simulating nuclear-electromagnetic cascade showers using the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation code. The ATIC design, consisting of a graphite target and an energy detection device, a totally active calorimeter built up of 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 25.0 cm BGO scintillator bars, gives sufficient information to distinguish electrons from protons. While identifying about 80% of electrons as such, only about 2 in 10,000 protons (@ 150 GeV) will mimic electrons. In September of 1999 ATIC was exposed to high-energy electron and proton beams at the CERN H2 beam line, and this data confirmed the electron detection capabilities of ATIC. From 2000-12-28 to 2001-01-13 ATIC was flown as a long duration balloon test flight from McMurdo, Antarctica, recording over 360 h of data and allowing electron separation to be confirmed in the flight data. In addition, ATIC electron detection capabilities can be checked by atmospheric gamma-ray observations. 相似文献
238.
Effects of space flight and IGF-1 on immune function 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. K. Chapes S. J. Simske A. D. Forsman T. A. Bateman R. J. Zimmerman 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,23(12):1955-1964
We tested the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) would ameliorate space flight-induced effects on the immune system. Twelve male, Sprague-Dawley rats, surgically implanted with mini osmotic pumps, were subjected to space flight for 10 days on STS-77. Six rats received 10 mg/kg/day of IGF-1 and 6 rats received saline. Flight animals had a lymphocytopenia and granulocytosis which were reversed by IGF-1. Flight animals had significantly higher corticosterone levels than ground controls but IGF-1 did not impact this stress hormone. Therefore, the reversed granulocytosis did not correlate with serum corticosterone. Space flight and IGF-1 also combined to induce a monocytopenia that was not evident in ground control animals treated with IGF-1 or in animals subjected to space flight but given physiological saline. There was a significant increase in spleen weights in vivarium animals treated with IGF-1, however, this change did not occur in flight animals. We observed reduced agonist-induced lymph node cell proliferation by cells from flight animals compared to ground controls. The reduced proliferation was not augmented by IGF-1 treatment. There was enhanced secretion of TNF, IL-6 and NO by flight-animal peritoneal macrophages compared to vivarium controls, however, O2 secretion was not affected. These data suggest that IGF-1 can ameliorate some of the effects of space flight but that space flight can also impact the normal response to IGF-1. 相似文献
239.
240.
John Brophy 《Space Science Reviews》2011,163(1-4):251-261
Dawn??s ion propulsion system (IPS) is the most advanced propulsion system ever built for a deep-space mission. Aside from the Mars gravity assist it provides all of the post-launch ??V required for the mission including the heliocentric transfer to Vesta, orbit capture at Vesta, transfer to various Vesta science orbits, escape from Vesta, the heliocentric transfer to Ceres, orbit capture at Ceres, and transfer to the different Ceres science orbits. The ion propulsion system provides a total ??V of nearly 11 km/s, comparable to the ??V provided by the 3-stage launch vehicle, and a total impulse of 1.2×107 N?s. 相似文献