Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

Robust fault-tolerant control for wing flutter under actuator failure

Many control laws, such as optimal controller and classical controller, have seen their applications to suppressing the aeroelastic vibrations of the aeroelastic system. However, those control laws may not work effectively if the aeroelastic system involves actuator faults. In the current study for wing flutter of reentry vehicle, the effect of actuator faults on wing flutter system is rarely considered and few of the fault-tolerant control problems are taken into account. In this paper, we use the radial basis function neural network and the finite-time H_∞ adaptive fault-tolerant control technique to deal with the flutter problem of wings, which is affected by actuator faults, actuator saturation, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The theory of this article includes the modeling of wing flutter and fault-tolerant controller design. The stability of the finite-time adaptive fault-tolerant controller is theoretically proved. Simulation results indicate that the designed fault-tolerant flutter controller can effectively deal with the faults in the flutter system and can promptly suppress the wing flutter as well.     

喷嘴位置对脉冲爆轰发动机性能影响的试验研究

为了研究喷嘴位置对脉冲爆轰发动机性能的影响,设计加工了直径为80mm的汽油/空气两相脉冲爆轰发动机（PDE）,在PDE文氏管内不同位置安装喷嘴,进行了冷态雾化和热态燃烧转爆轰试验,分析了马尔文激光粒度仪测得的液滴尺寸分布和动态压力传感器测得的信号。试验结果表明：喷嘴的安装位置对脉冲爆轰发动机的性能具有显著影响;喷嘴安装在文氏管喉部时爆轰管内雾化混合效果最好,爆轰波峰值压力最大为3．5 MPa,工作频率最高为30Hz;喷嘴安装在文氏管入口时爆轰管内雾化混合效果最差,爆轰波峰值压力最小为0．9MPa,工作频率最低为15 Hz;在试验范围内,改善雾化混合效果有利于提高脉冲爆轰发动机的工作频率。研究结果对脉冲爆轰发动机的设计具有参考价值。     

柔性热膜剪应力传感器水下测量温度修正

柔性热膜微传感器应用于流体壁面剪应力测量时,流体温度对传感器输出有很大影响,因此有必要对工作在非标定温度下的传感器输出信号进行修正补偿。重点研究了水下测量时传感器输出与水温的关系以及温度修正方法。通过分析传感器过热比和流体物理性质与温度的相关性,建立了流体温度与传感器过热比和标定系数的函数关系。在此基础上,提出了一种用于水下剪应力测量的温度修正方法,可以有效减小水温对传感器输出的影响。经实验验证,该方法可以使工作在25℃、28℃水温环境下的传感器输出值与其20℃标定值的相对误差从23．7％和37．1％回落到0．82％和0．83％。     

冲击射流的彩虹纹影实验研究

超声速冲击射流在短距、垂直起降飞行器（S/VTOL）以及火箭发射等方面应用广泛,但是伴随着流场与噪声等诸多方面的问题。要研究这一类问题,必先研究这一类超声速流动的波系结构。文章利用彩虹纹影测量系统,对不同距离不同压比的冲击射流进行实验研究,得到了清晰的彩虹纹影实验结果,细致地呈现了冲击射流的波系结构。基于实验结果,对三种不同结构的冲击射流的波系结构进行了详细分析。发现喷嘴与挡板距离较大时,形成的射流结构与自由射流相似,壁面附近的射流区域不明显。随着距离减小,冲击射流出现壁面冲击区附近射流比较剧烈的现象。距离进一步减小时,出现滞止泡等结构,滞止泡的形状与压比相关。此外,实验表明冲击射流形成的马赫盘大小、形状与来流压比相关。     

DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration with the SAGE algorithm

In this paper, a novel algorithm is presented for direction of arrival（DOA） estimation and array self-calibration in the presence of unknown mutual coupling. In order to highlight the relationship between the array output and mutual coupling coefficients, we present a novel model of the array output with the unknown mutual coupling coefficients. Based on this model, we use the space alternating generalized expectation-maximization（SAGE） algorithm to jointly estimate the DOA parameters and the mutual coupling coefficients. Unlike many existing counterparts, our method requires neither calibration sources nor initial calibration information. At the same time,our proposed method inherits the characteristics of good convergence and high estimation precision of the SAGE algorithm. By numerical experiments we demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the existing method for DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration.     

某型三叶螺旋桨的设计及性能试验

根据飞行速度、需用拉力、螺旋桨转速等参数,设计了某型飞机的三叶螺旋桨,获得了弦长和桨叶角沿着径向的分布.制造了三叶复合材料螺旋桨（直径为1.75m）,在螺旋桨试验台上测试了不同转速下螺旋桨的拉力.为了获得螺旋桨的动态性能,制造了螺旋桨的缩比模型（直径为0.96m）,在西北工业大学NF-3风洞的三元试验段测试了螺旋桨的气动性能数据,包括:拉力、扭矩、功率、效率.结果表明:螺旋桨最大效率为85.63%,所设计的三叶复合材料螺旋桨适用于螺旋桨需用功率为70kW左右的发动机（比如Rotax912）,提出的螺旋桨设计方法具有较好的应用价值.      

基于数字孪生的设备加工过程监测技术研究

针对典型航空产品装配生产线的生产过程中缺乏有效的人机交互手段,设备实时运行状态可视化监控程度低等问题,提出了一种基于数字孪生的加工设备运行状态监测方法,包括模型构建与优化处理、NC程序解析与加工仿真、软硬件通信与数据传输和实时仿真与数据分析.最后在某航空发动机外涵机匣装配生产线验证了该方案,可以实现NC程序加工仿真分析...     

颗粒冲刷条件下硅橡胶绝热材料烧蚀特性实验研究

为了研究颗粒冲刷条件下硅橡胶绝热材料的烧蚀规律和特性,采用一种颗粒冲刷状态可调的实验发动机,以添加有短切碳纤维和高硅氧玻璃纤维的硅橡胶为研究对象,开展了颗粒聚集浓度范围为34.5~75.3kg/m3,冲刷速度为9.4~35.9m/s,角度为19.3°~55.5°条件下的13次热试车实验,获得了颗粒冲刷状态参数和炭化烧蚀率之间的宏观影响规律,通过对试验后试件的宏观形貌和微观结构特征进行分析,初步探讨了硅橡胶绝热材料的烧蚀机理。研究结果表明:(1)和EPDM绝热材料的烧蚀规律和特性不同,实验条件下硅橡胶炭化层更厚且致密,硅橡胶材料的最大烧蚀率随颗粒聚集浓度变化较为敏感,当超过50kg/m3临界浓度值时,烧蚀率随浓度的增加而急剧增大。最大烧蚀率随颗粒冲刷速度增加而增大,并呈现出先急剧增加后缓慢增加的趋势;(2)在颗粒冲刷速度较低条件下,硅橡胶材料烧蚀率要高于EPDM的,在颗粒冲刷速度较高条件下,硅橡胶耐冲刷性能要略优于EPDM的;(3)硅橡胶的热分解温度区间约为623~989K,在烧蚀过程中,高硅氧纤维和硅橡胶分解产生的Si O2会渗透到炭化层骨架中,进一步和C反应形成Si C,从而使炭化层致密化,具备耐冲刷特性;(4)通过分析烧蚀形貌和微观特征,初步提出了三层一面(基体层,热解层,炭化层,冲刷面)的烧蚀物理模型。     

篦齿封严风阻温升特性研究

篦齿封严风阻温升效应引起的热负荷对航空发动机涡轮叶片冷气系统有着重要的影响。采用理论分析、数值计算与实验相结合的方法系统地研究了篦齿封严的风阻温升特性。首先,对篦齿封严风阻温升特性进行了理论分析,设计搭建了篦齿封严风阻温升特性实验台,建立了基于RNG（Re-Normalization Group） k-ε湍流方程的篦齿封严风阻温升数值求解模型。然后,研究了篦齿封严流场特性、泄漏特性和风阻温升特性,并将理论计算、数值仿真与实验测试结果相互对比分析,研究了压比、转速等因素对篦齿封严风阻温升特性的影响规律,揭示了篦齿封严的风阻温升效应产生的机理。结果表明：高低齿篦齿封严结构减弱了篦齿封严的透气效应,增强了篦齿封严的动能耗散,有利于降低篦齿封严的泄漏量;在所研究的工况下,转速低于2 000 r/min时,风阻温升效应较小,转速在2 000~6 000 r/min时,风阻温升随转速的升高而增大,温升值最高可达12.87 K;压比的增大会加强气流的对流换热,转速为6 000 r/min时,压比从1.1增加到1.3,温升值下降了7 K左右;风阻温升产生的主要原因是流经封严间隙的黏性气流与高速旋转的转子相互摩擦产生热量,气流吸收这部分摩擦热导致温度升高,转子转速越高,风阻温升效应越强。所研究的篦齿封严风阻温升特性为航空发动机内通道气流热负荷分析提供了理论依据。