Introduction to the Payloads and the Initial Observation Results of Chang＇E-1

Chang'E-1,the orbiter circling the moon 200km above the moon surface,is the first Chinese Lunar exploration satellite.The satellite was successfully launched on 24th October 2007.There are 8 kinds of scientific payloads onboard,including the stereo camera,the laser altimeter,the Sagnac-based interferometer image spectrometer,the Gamma ray spectrometer,the X-ray spectrom-eter,the microwave radiometer,the high energy particle detector,the solar wind plasma detector and a supporting payload data management system.Chang'E-1 opened her eyes to look at the moon and took the first batch of lunar pictures after her stereo camera was switched on in 20th November 2007.Henceforth all the instruments are successfully switched on one by one.After a period of parameter adjustment and initial check out,all scientific instruments are now in their normal operating phase.In this paper,the payloads and the initial observation results are introduced.     

考虑禁飞区规避的空天飞行器分段预测校正再入制导方法

针对空天飞行器再入制导问题,提出一种考虑禁飞区规避的分段预测校正制导方法。在再入段前期采用剩余航程作为目标函数,后期引入预测落点偏差作为目标函数进行制导指令求解,同时确定倾侧角幅值和符号,兼顾了计算效率与终端制导精度。在此基础上,对于再入过程中的禁飞区规避问题,把禁飞区分为两类,增加了通过倾侧角幅值修正策略实现侧向规避制导的逻辑,可适用于无法单独通过倾侧角反转规避禁飞区的情况。最后,通过开展考虑再入初始状态和气动品质不确定性的蒙特卡罗仿真,验证了提出的分段预测校正制导方法可以有效引导空天飞行器规避禁飞区,与单段目标函数预测校正方法相比,具有更高的制导精度。     

Orbit Design for Twin-spacecraft Space VLBI

Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry (S-VLBI) is an aperture synthesis technique utilizing an array of radio telescopes including ground telescopes and space orbiting telescopes. It can achieve much higher spatial resolution than that from the ground-only VLBI. In this paper, a new concept of twin spacecraft S-VLBI has been proposed, which utilizes the space-space baselines formed by two satellites to obtain larger and uniform uv coverage without atmospheric influence and hence achieve high quality images with higher angular resolution. The orbit selections of the two satellites are investigated. The imaging performance and actual launch conditions are all taken into account in orbit designing of the twin spacecraft S-VLBI. Three schemes of orbit design using traditional elliptical orbits and circular orbits are presented. These design results can be used for different scientific goals. Furthermore, these designing ideas can provide useful references for the future Chinese millimeter-wave S-VLBI mission.     

汽车车身板用6022铝合金组织及性能研究

通过金相观察、能谱分析以及力学性能分析,研究了Mg,Si等合金元素对汽车车身板用6022铝合金的显微组织、力学性能的影响,探讨了热处理工艺对板材力学性能的影响规律.实验结果表明:Mg,Si含量的增加可以促使合金中的一次相增多,提高合金的强度,但含量过多时会降低合金的塑性;Mg/Si比控制在合适的范围内才能使合金获得较好的强度和延伸率的匹配.时效处理有助于合金中Mg2Si等强化相的析出,改善板材强度和延伸率.固溶后立即进行人工时效可明显提高强度,但延伸率有所降低.适当地延长自然时效时间,可在提高合金强度的同时保持较高的延伸率.     

混凝土自收缩的测定与模型分析

为了研究水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对混凝土自收缩的影响,建立了混凝土自收缩自动测量系统,并测定了水胶比分别为0.25,0.30,0.40和0.53的硅酸盐水泥混凝土及粉煤灰掺量为10%,20%,30%,40%,60%的粉煤灰混凝土的自收缩发展。以硅酸盐水泥水化动力学为基础建立了相应的数值模型,结果表明,硅酸盐水泥混凝土随着水灰比的降低,混凝土的自收缩发展越迅速,最终收缩值越大,掺加粉煤灰后,可以明显降低混凝土的自收缩值和自收缩的发展速率。     

Gyrosynchrotron Radiation of Interplanetary CMEs

CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections) are an important means of energy release in the solar corona. Solar Polar Orbit Radio Telescope (SPORT) is a mission being proposed for observing the propagation of interplanetary CMEs from solar polar orbit. The main payload onboard SPORT is a synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer, which receives radio emission of interplanetary CMEs. It is identified that there are mainly three radio emission mechanisms of CMEs, i.e., bremsstrahlung, gyrosynchrotron emission and plasma emission. Among these emission types, bremsstrahlung emission is the main emission mechanism of the high-density plasma clouds of interplanetary CMEs. Gyrosynchrotron emission is the continuous emission generated by high-energy electrons from CMEs, while plasma emission is the main mechanism of transient radio bursts from CMEs. In this paper, the gyrosynchrotron emission of interplanetary CMEs is focused on. Firstly, the mechanism of gyrosynchrotron emission is reviewed. Secondly, a review of the physical parameter models of background solar wind and interplanetary CMEs is presented. After these, the brightness temperature and polarization of gyrosynchrotron emission of interplanetary CMEs are calculated and analyzed. Finally, the detectability of gyrosynchrotron emission of interplanetary CMEs by radio meters is discussed briefly.     

太阳宁静及耀斑期间1AU附近等离子体轫致辐射研究

在太空等离子体中,尤其在等离子体内部磁场较弱时,轫致辐射是等离子体能量损失的主要机制.本文对太阳宁静及耀斑期间1 AU处等离子体轫致辐射计算表明,等离子体辐射强度I_f的变化与辐射的电磁波频率有直接的关系.当辐射频率f接近于等离子体频率f_pe时,辐射强度显著增大.随着电磁波辐射频率的增大,辐射强度随频率增大作缓慢对数下降.辐射亮温T_b与等离子体电子温度T_e介质光深成正比. T_b与I_f随辐射频率变化的整体趋势一致.在相同的辐射频率情况下,太阳宁静期间I_f值、T_b值低于太阳耀斑期间I_f值、T_b值.     

燃油离心泵多目标优化设计及仿真分析

针对燃油离心泵高效、高抗汽蚀的优化设计问题,进行了基于损失模型和SQP(Sequen?tial Quadratic Programming)算法的多目标优化设计及仿真研究.建立表征叶轮和蜗壳等水力、容积和机械各效率的综合损失模型,并利用必需汽蚀余量来表征汽蚀特性.利用SQP算法构造合理的适应度函数,建立离心泵多目标优化...     

中国空间探测领域40年发展

中国空间科学学会成立的40年,是中国空间探测逐渐走进世界舞台的40年,空间探测极大推动了空间科学和相邻学科的发展,也影响到经济、军事和日常生活诸多方面.本文简要回顾了从空间探测专业委员会成立的1980年至今,中国空间探测领域的主要发展历程,包括探空火箭、高空气球、科学卫星、月球与行星探测、载人航天空间探测、遥感卫星地面站等主要项目、进展和所取得的成果,对未来若干年空间探测的发展进行了展望.     

稻城太阳射电望远镜（DSRT）天线遮挡效应仿真

稻城太阳射电望远镜（DSRT）由313面6 m直径抛物面天线组成。天线接收信号幅值和相位的精确修正是决定DSRT成像质量的关键因素。然而DSRT阵列可能会出现邻近天线相互遮挡的问题,从而改变接收信号的幅值和相位,影响其成像质量。利用电磁仿真软件计算了接收频率为300 MHz（波长λ=1 m）时的相邻两单元与相邻三单元两种情况。三元系统中遮挡效应的影响仅比双元系统中相关影响略为显著。在本文考虑的最严重的遮挡情况（天线边缘的投影间距D = –1λ）下,对于双/三元系统,相对于单天线系统水平和垂直增益分别降低了0.6/0.6 dB和 0.3/0.4 dB,相位偏差分别为–3.3º/–3.871º和–1.744º/–2.244º。此外还分析了其他遮挡情况。研究表明DSRT系统中的天线遮挡效应分析可由双元系统充分描述,在后期数据处理时应适当考虑该效应,尽量提升DSRT数据的利用效率和成图质量。