机身蒙皮止裂带区域损伤及检测技术

止裂带是民用运输航空类飞机机身蒙皮满足破损—安全设计要求的主要手段。针对机身蒙皮不同种类止裂带区域普遍存在的结构损伤,总结了损伤规律并分析了损伤形成原因,阐述了针对机身蒙皮止裂带区域不同损伤类型的检测技术。     

生物航煤的管理、验证标准及验证流程

为了创建自主认定航空替代燃料的审定办法,介绍了国外适航局对替代燃料的管理流程及标准ASTM D4054和ASTM D7566,以及中国适航局依据符合性验证方法制定的《含合成烃民用航空喷气燃料》（CTSO-2C701）标准。详细介绍了标准中规定的生物航煤生产工艺、最低性能标准以及获得批准书需要通过的理化性能和特定性能试验,包括发动机台架和试飞验证。标准中提出了采用技术标准规定批准书（CTSOA）的形式对生物航煤进行申请和批准。在比较国内外生物航煤管理、标准及验证流程技术基础上,总结了中国生物航煤性能验证技术、发动机台架和试飞要求,以及依据此验证技术进行了中国石化1号航煤的认证,为形成一套有别于其他国家的特定的审定办法提供了技术支持。      

基于运输类飞机适航要求的外场结构损伤快速处理方案

在深入解读运输类飞机适航标准的结构适航要求基础上,明确了次要结构和主要结构失效对飞机适航的影响以及外场结构损伤处理要求,指出了允许损伤限制、临时修理和永久修理的适航要求。在此基础上,根据结构种类、损伤程度、损伤位置以及飞机许可停场时间等因素,提出了一种满足运输类飞机适航要求的外场结构损伤快速处理方案。     

Large solar flare radiation shielding requirements for manned interplanetary missions

As the 21st century approaches, there is an ever-increasing interest in launching manned missions to Mars. A major concern to mission planners is exposure of the flight crews to highly penetrating and damaging space radiations. Beyond the protective covering of the Earth's magnetosphere, the two main sources of these radiations are galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. Preliminary analyses of potential exposures from galactic cosmic rays (GCR's) were presented elsewhere. In this Note, estimates of shielding thicknesses required to protect astronauts on interplanetary missions from the effects of large solar flare events are presented. The calculations use integral proton fluences for the February 1956, November 1960, and August 1972 solar particle events as inputs into the NASA Langley Research Center nucleon transport code BRYNTRN. This deterministic computer code transports primary protons and secondary protons and neutrons through any number of layers of target material of arbitrary thickness and composition. Contributions from target nucleus breakup (fragmentation) and recoil are also included. The results for each flare are presented as estimates of dose equivalent [in units of roentgen equivalent man (rem)] to the skin, eye, and bloodforming organs (BFO) behind various thicknesses of aluminum shielding. These results indicate that the February 1956 event was the most penetrating; however, the August 1972 event, the largest ever recorded, could have been mission- or life-threatening for thinly shielded (< or = 5 g/cm2) spacecraft. Also presented are estimates of the thicknesses of water shielding required to reduce the BFO dose equivalent to currently recommended astronaut exposure limits. These latter results suggest that organic polymers, similar to water, appear to be a much more desirable shielding material than aluminum.     

航空发动机装配数据结构化建模及应用

针对航空发动机装配数据结构化程度低及数据追溯困难等问题,分析了航空发动机装配数据构成及特点,提出了一个装配生产准备数据和装配生产过程数据的定义模型。针对装配生产过程数据特点,建立了以装配数据单元为核心的装配数据模型,给出了电子化履历本的实现过程,验证了方法的有效性。     

Morphological biosignatures and the search for life on Mars

This report provides a rationale for the advances in instrumentation and understanding needed to assess claims of ancient and extraterrestrial life made on the basis of morphological biosignatures. Morphological biosignatures consist of bona fide microbial fossils as well as microbially influenced sedimentary structures. To be recognized as evidence of life, microbial fossils must contain chemical and structural attributes uniquely indicative of microbial cells or cellular or extracellular processes. When combined with various research strategies, high-resolution instruments can reveal such attributes and elucidate how morphological fossils form and become altered, thereby improving the ability to recognize them in the geological record on Earth or other planets. Also, before fossilized microbially influenced sedimentary structures can provide evidence of life, criteria to distinguish their biogenic from non-biogenic attributes must be established. This topic can be advanced by developing process-based models. A database of images and spectroscopic data that distinguish the suite of bona fide morphological biosignatures from their abiotic mimics will avoid detection of false-positives for life. The use of high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic instruments, in conjunction with an improved knowledge base of the attributes that demonstrate life, will maximize our ability to recognize and assess the biogenicity of extraterrestrial and ancient terrestrial life.     

三角形突起物后自由旋涡的稳定性

用不可压位流理论证明了三角形突起物后存在自由旋涡的驻定态位置，且在该处稳定的自由旋涡是中性稳定性，并提供了各种形状的三角形突起物所对应的自由旋涡驻定态位置，而在实验条件下，需用侧壁抽吸，才能捕促到稳定的旋涡。     

安-70计划依赖国际合作

乌克兰安东诺夫设计局设计的4发桨扇宽体运输机安-70于1994年底完成了首次飞行。该机早在1994年2月就出厂了,由于资金短缺等一系列困难,拖到年底才上天飞行。飞机从基辅附近的斯维亚多申科起飞,飞至戈斯托梅尔试飞机场,共飞行28分钟,由于天气不好,飞行高度只达到2000米。安-70在戈斯托梅尔试飞机场计划要试飞三个月,此后将转交给俄罗斯茹科夫斯基城的试飞研究院继续试飞。不幸的是,1995年2月这架安70在空中与安-72相撞而坠毁,致使试飞计划中断。