Medical and surgical applications of space biosensor technology

Researchers in space life sciences are rapidly approaching a technology impasse. Many of the critical questions on the impact of spaceflight on living systems simply cannot be answered with the limited available technologies. Research subjects, particularly small animal models like the rat, must be allowed to function relatively untended and unrestrained for long periods to fully reflect the impact of microgravity and spaceflight on their behavior and physiology. These requirements preclude the use of present hard-wired instrumentation techniques and limited data acquisition systems. Implantable sensors and miniaturized biotelemetry are the only means of capturing the fundamental and critical data. This same biosensor and biotelemetry technology has direct application to Earth-based medicine and surgery. Continuous, on-line data acquisition and improved measurement capabilities combined with the ease and flexibility offered by automated, wireless, and portable instruments and data systems, should provide a boon to the health care industry. Playing a key role in this technology revolution is the Sensors 2000! (S2K!) Program at NASA Ames Research Center. S2K!, in collaboration with space life sciences researchers and managers, provides an integrated capability for sensor technology development and applications, including advanced biosensor technology development, spaceflight hardware development, and technology transfer and commercialization. S2K! is presently collaborating on several spaceflight projects with dual-use medical applications. One prime example is a collaboration with the Fetal Treatment Center (FTC) at the University of California at San Francisco. The goal is to develop and apply implantable chemical sensor and biotelemetry technology to continuously monitor fetal patients during extra-uterine surgery, replacement into the womb, through birth and beyond. Once validated for ground use, the method will be transitioned to spaceflight applications to remotely monitor key biochemical parameters in flight animals. Successful application of NASA implantable biosensor and biotelemetry technologies should accelerate the advancement of this and other modern medical procedures while furthering the exploration of life in space.     

聚全氟乙丙烯塑料和金属连接试验研究

研究了热塑性氟塑料——聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)和金属的连接方法，包括过渡层粘接和机械连接两种。采用自制的过渡层，利用模塑方法使FEP和不锈钢的粘接强度达到16MPa以上。同时采用机械滚边收口方法，可以提高FEP和金属含架的连接可靠性。     

A transmission electron microscopy study of silica and kerogen biosignatures in approximately 1.9 Ga gunflint microfossils

Microfossils preserved in chert from the;1.9 Ga Gunflint Formation (Schreiber Beach, Ontario, Canada) were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical TEM (ATEM). Our goals were to uncover the style of silicification relative to the distribution of organic matter, and to evaluate the distribution and evolution of organic matter, at submicroscopic spatial scales. Petrographically the microfossils typically display filamentous or coccoidal morphologies, and consist of quartz crystals surrounded by kerogen along grain boundaries. ATEM analysis revealed that quartz associated with kerogen consists of 200-500nm-sized, round crystallites, whereas the chert matrix is comprised of randomly oriented, polygonal microquartz (5-10 microm). Silica spheroids found within some fossils consist of quartz subgrains in an amorphous to poorly crystalline matrix, suggesting that precipitation of opaline silica on organic matter occurred with subsequent but incomplete transformation to quartz. Some coccoidal microfossils surround large euhedral quartz crystals (up to 5 microm in diameter) that appeared to have influenced the distribution of kerogen during crystal growth. These euhedral quartz crystals commonly contain elongated (50-100 nm) iron-rich crystallites. Energy-loss, near-edge structure analysis of kerogen associated with a coccoidal microfossil showed that it is composed of amorphous carbon with no evidence of graphitization. TEM results revealed significant differences in the style of silicification between microbe-shaped microfossils and their surrounding chert matrix, as well as the presence of amorphous kerogen.     

远程喷气公务机的市场竞争

邦巴迪尔公务机分公司(以下简称邦巴迪尔公司)正在设计的“全球快车”公务机与美国湾流航空航天公司(以下简称湾流公司)设计的“湾流”5,互为竞争对手,将争夺航程6500海里、单价约3500万美元的喷气公务飞机市场.据称,这个市场的收益至少100亿美元.市场争夺白热化湾流公司于1992年开始研制“湾流”4双发喷气公务机的后继机“湾流”5,并计划1996年11月交付首架;一年以后邦巴迪尔公司开始“全球快车”计划的预先设计     

新疆地区航空气象灾害性天气服务探讨

一、问题的提出我国国民经济大发展,中央英明决策提出西部大开发方针,新疆作为资源、能源大省发展迅猛,旅游业的发展也非常突出,航空运输市场呈现井喷式快速发展。以乌鲁木齐机场为例,短时期内日均飞行     

The O/OREOS mission: first science data from the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) payload

We report the first telemetered spaceflight science results from the orbiting Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment, executed by one of the two 10?cm cube-format payloads aboard the 5.5?kg Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) free-flying nanosatellite. The O/OREOS spacecraft was launched successfully to a 72° inclination, 650?km Earth orbit on 19 November 2010. This satellite provides access to the radiation environment of space in relatively weak regions of Earth's protective magnetosphere as it passes close to the north and south magnetic poles; the total dose rate is about 15 times that in the orbit of the International Space Station. The SESLO experiment measures the long-term survival, germination, and growth responses, including metabolic activity, of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to the microgravity, ionizing radiation, and heavy-ion bombardment of its high-inclination orbit. Six microwells containing wild-type (168) and six more containing radiation-sensitive mutant (WN1087) strains of dried B. subtilis spores were rehydrated with nutrient medium after 14 days in space to allow the spores to germinate and grow. Similarly, the same distribution of organisms in a different set of microwells was rehydrated with nutrient medium after 97 days in space. The nutrient medium included the redox dye Alamar blue, which changes color in response to cellular metabolic activity. Three-color transmitted intensity measurements of all microwells were telemetered to Earth within days of each of the 48?h growth experiments. We report here on the evaluation and interpretation of these spaceflight data in comparison to delayed-synchronous laboratory ground control experiments.     

下一代运输机面临的障碍与发展现状

全世界的民机制造商正在研究下一代超大型客机和超音速客机。决定制造商们是否发展下一代运输机的主要因素是航空公司的财政状况、全球经济状况及技术水平。发展下一代运输机面临的障碍发展下一代运输机要解决如下问题。全世界大多数航空公司的财政状况不佳。自1990年以来,全世界的航空公司总共亏损约156亿美元(仅有几家航空公司例外),它们无法考虑购买,甚至无法考虑租用单价可能逾2亿美元的飞机;民机制造商自身(单独或组成集团)能否拿     

PWE3技术概述和参考模型

PWE3是IETF提出的一种基于IP或者MPLS分组交换网络传送仿真业务的技术。本文主要讨论PWE3的技术体系和各种参考模型,解释了PWE3体系中的常用术语,同时对各协议层的要素和功能作出了描述。