38颗星链卫星坠毁:谁是罪魁祸首?

整个发射任务是那样平常,甚至有些无聊——这样的"星链"发射任务已经在2021年进行了多达17次,战无不胜,媒体对类似的发射任务早已见怪不怪,连航天爱好者也对这样的发射直播失去了兴趣. 然而,就在人们都认为一帆风顺、所向披靡的太空探索技术公司不会出现什么疏漏时,2月8日该公司一则声明惊天雷般打破了这一切的平静——"2月3...     

混合式惯导原理及其在弹载环境下应用

在介绍混合式惯导技术起源与发展、工作原理、误差抑制机理以及影响因素的基础上,从工程应用的角度,对弹载环境的特点及其在弹载应用中关注的导航策略、动态响应特性以及稳定控制技术等内容进行了分析,为后续工程应用奠定基础。     

超高速激光熔化扫描速度对Al-Mg-Sc高强铝合金性能的影响

为了明确超高速激光熔化沉积Al-Mg-Sc高强铝合金的沉积态组织及力学性能特征,以7075铝合金为基体,采用自主开发的LDF3000-40型激光熔化沉积设备制备Al-Mg-Sc高强铝合金,探究激光扫描速度对材料微观组织与室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：超高速激光熔化沉积样品均无明显裂纹,但含有少量小尺寸气孔。沉积态组织由细小的α-Al等轴晶及弥散分布的Al₃(Sc,Zr)颗粒构成。利用数值模拟进一步研究扫描速度对力学性能的影响,发现在0.1～1 m/s范围内,较高的激光扫描速度能减少粉末材料的堆积,降低沉积层表面的孔隙率,因此可以提高力学性能。沉积态样品最大抗拉强度为303 MPa,断裂伸长率为22.5%。     

150kV/30kW逆变式电子束焊接高压电源设计

针对150kV/30kW电子束焊接高压电源高电压、大功率输出的要求,低压电路采用IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)逆变隔离直流电源与逆变全桥串联的主电路拓扑,高压电路由3组升压变压器与10倍压整流电路的串联结构并联组成;设计了高压采样电路、束流采样电路,以及双闭环控制电路.基于上述技术,实现了150kV/30kW高电压大功率输出.实验结果表明高压加速电源的输出线性度和束流输出线性度较好,同时高压稳定度和束流稳定度均在0.5%左右,能够满足电子束焊接的要求.     

脉动装配生产线的应用与发展

随着商用飞机的需求量急剧增长,军用飞机的研制任务增多,传统的机库式(停车场式)飞机装配模式已无法适应现代飞机制造的要求,很多世界级飞机制造商都对飞机装配生产线作了重大研究。在这种背景下,一种先进的飞机脉动装配生产线应运而生。在科技高速发展的今天,现代飞机制造的环境发生了变化。随着商用飞机的需求量急剧增长,军用飞机的研制任务增多,传统的机库式(停车场式)飞机装配模式已无法适应现代飞机制造的要求,很多世界级飞机制造商都对飞机装配生产线作了重大研究。在这种背景下,一种先进的飞机脉动装配生产线应运而生[1]。     

Preservation of martian organic and environmental records: final report of the Mars biosignature working group

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) has an instrument package capable of making measurements of past and present environmental conditions. The data generated may tell us if Mars is, or ever was, able to support life. However, the knowledge of Mars' past history and the geological processes most likely to preserve a record of that history remain sparse and, in some instances, ambiguous. Physical, chemical, and geological processes relevant to biosignature preservation on Earth, especially under conditions early in its history when microbial life predominated, are also imperfectly known. Here, we present the report of a working group chartered by the Co-Chairs of NASA's MSL Project Science Group, John P. Grotzinger and Michael A. Meyer, to review and evaluate potential for biosignature formation and preservation on Mars. Orbital images confirm that layered rocks achieved kilometer-scale thicknesses in some regions of ancient Mars. Clearly, interplays of sedimentation and erosional processes govern present-day exposures, and our understanding of these processes is incomplete. MSL can document and evaluate patterns of stratigraphic development as well as the sources of layered materials and their subsequent diagenesis. It can also document other potential biosignature repositories such as hydrothermal environments. These capabilities offer an unprecedented opportunity to decipher key aspects of the environmental evolution of Mars' early surface and aspects of the diagenetic processes that have operated since that time. Considering the MSL instrument payload package, we identified the following classes of biosignatures as within the MSL detection window: organism morphologies (cells, body fossils, casts), biofabrics (including microbial mats), diagnostic organic molecules, isotopic signatures, evidence of biomineralization and bioalteration, spatial patterns in chemistry, and biogenic gases. Of these, biogenic organic molecules and biogenic atmospheric gases are considered the most definitive and most readily detectable by MSL.     

复杂结构模压模具的加工方法

分析了模压模具结构形状上的特点和其空间角度及尺寸加工上的难点,由于该模具结构形状复杂,加工精度要求高,其空间角度和尺寸在普通设备加工保证较为困难。重点阐明了利用现有的普通加工设备,采取相应的工艺方案来保证模具工件的空间角度及尺寸的加工方法。     

伪单脉冲跟踪在“动中通”中的应用

文章根据车栽“动中通”在卫星通信中的特点,针对该车栽站在移动过程中天线偏离卫星的情况,研究了特殊的伪单脉冲跟踪体制。介绍了伪单脉冲自跟踪的原理、系统组成以及系统的具体实现方案。伪单脉冲跟踪系统结构简单、跟踪精度高,可以代替单脉冲跟踪应用到车载“动中通”中,简化了系统的复杂性并降低了成本。     

Amino acids from ion-irradiated nitrile-containing ices

Solid CH(3)CN and solid H(2)O + CH(3)CN were ion irradiated near 10 K to initiate chemical reactions thought to occur in extraterrestrial ices. The infrared spectra of these samples after irradiation revealed the synthesis of new molecules. After the irradiated ices were warmed to remove volatiles, the resulting residual material was extracted and analyzed. Both unhydrolyzed and acid-hydrolyzed residues were examined by both liquid and gas chromatographic-mass spectral methods and found to contain a rich mixture of products. The unhydrolyzed samples showed HCN, NH(3), acetaldehyde (formed by reaction with background and atmospheric H(2)O), alkyamines, and numerous other compounds, but no amino acids. However, reaction products in hydrolyzed residues contained a suite of amino acids that included some found in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Equal amounts of D- and L-enantiomers were found for each chiral amino acid detected. Extensive use was made of (13)C-labeled CH(3)CN to confirm amino acid identifications and discriminate against possible terrestrial contaminants. The results reported here show that ices exposed to cosmic rays can yield products that, after hydrolysis, form a set of primary amino acids equal in richness to those made by other methods, such as photochemistry.     

Temporal changes in fluid chemistry and energy profiles in the vulcano island hydrothermal system

In June 2003, the geochemical composition of geothermal fluids was determined at 9 sites in the Vulcano hydrothermal system, including sediment seeps, geothermal wells, and submarine vents. Compositional data were combined with standard state reaction properties to determine the overall Gibbs free energy (DeltaG(r) ) for 120 potential lithotrophic and heterotrophic reactions. Lithotrophic reactions in the H-O-N-S-C-Fe system were considered, and exergonic reactions yielded up to 120 kJ per mole of electrons transferred. The potential for heterotrophy was characterized by energy yields from the complete oxidation of 6 carboxylic acids- formic, acetic, propanoic, lactic, pyruvic, and succinic-with the following redox pairs: O(2)/H(2)O, SO(4) (2)/H(2)S, NO(3) ()/NH(4) (+), S(0)/H(2)S, and Fe(3)O(4)/Fe(2+). Heterotrophic reactions yielded 6-111 kJ/mol e(). Energy yields from both lithotrophic and heterotrophic reactions were highly dependent on the terminal electron acceptor (TEA); reactions with O(2) yielded the most energy, followed by those with NO(3) (), Fe(III), SO(4) (2), and S(0). When only reactions with complete TEA reduction were included, the exergonic lithotrophic reactions followed a similar electron tower. Spatial variability in DeltaG(r) was significant for iron redox reactions, owing largely to the wide range in Fe(2+) and H(+) concentrations. Energy yields were compared to those obtained for samples collected in June 2001. The temporal variations in geochemical composition and energy yields observed in the Vulcano hydrothermal system between 2001 and 2003 were moderate. The largest differences in DeltaG(r) over the 2 years were from iron redox reactions, due to temporal changes in the Fe(2+) and H(+) concentrations. The observed variations in fluid composition across the Vulcano hydrothermal system have the potential to influence not only microbial diversity but also the metabolic strategies of the resident microbial communities.