采用卫星中继克服航天器再入通信黑障的途径

在简述载人航天器再入过程、等离子鞘套特点和中继传输原理的基础上,分析了采用卫星中继克服再入通信黑障的具体途径。考虑到必须采用较高工作频率(Ka频段)的一次中继方法存在一定局限性,提出了一种采用二次中继的新方法,它可以将再入通信的工作频率向低扩展到多数载人航天器在轨常用的S频段。文章讨论了这两种方法的优缺点,论述了实施它们对中继站和再入航天器的主要要求,并就影响其效果和航天器设计的重要因素进行了分析。链路计算结果表明:两种方法都可满足传输需求,从总体上考虑二次中继方法更好一些。考虑到我国空间基础设施和相关技术背景条件,在近期内卫星中继将是解决再入通信黑障问题可实现的技术途径。     

多星联合任务规划中的启发式求解方法研究

多譬联合任务规划问题需要考虑卫星侧视、星载存储容量、星上能量、数据传输等多种约束,是一个复杂的组合优化问题.通过对卫星成像约束条件抽象,建立联合规划的数学模型,将问题归约为特殊的多时间窗约束车辆装卸问题,面向应急条件下的应用,结合领域应用特点,提出基于动态装载概率模型和估算总装载量的启发式搜索任务规划算法(HADPPEC),并与实际运行的多星任务规划系统进行了大量实验比较.结果表明本方法比传统方法在运行时间和算法结果卜都更出色.     

Instability analysis and drag coefficient prediction on a swept RAE2822 wing with constant lift coefficient

Swept wing is widely used in civil aircraft,whose airfoil is chosen,designed and optimized to increase the cruise speed and decrease the drag coefficient.The parameters of swept wing,such as sweep angle and angle of attack,are determined according to the cruise lift coefficient requirement,and the drag coefficient is expected to be predicted accurately,which involves the instability characteristics and transition position of the flow.The pressure coefficient of the RAE2822 wing with given constant lift coefficient is obtained by solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation numerically,and then the mean flow is calculated by solving the boundary layer(BL) equation with spectral method.The cross-flow instability characteristic of boundary layer of swept wing in the windward and leeward is analyzed by linear stability theory(LST),and the transition position is predicted by eNmethod.The drag coefficient is numerically predicted by introducing a laminar/turbulent indicator.A simple approach to calculate the lift coefficient of swept wing is proposed.It is found that there is a quantitative relationship between the angle of attack and sweep angle when the lift coefficient keeps constant;when the angle of attack is small,the flow on the leeward of the wing is stable.when the angle of attack is larger than 3°,the flow becomes unstable quickly;with the increase of sweep angle or angle of attack the disturbance on the windward becomes more unstable,leading to the moving forward of the transition position to the leading edge of the wing;the drag coefficient has two significant jumping growth due to the successive occurrence of transition in the windward and the leeward;the optimal range of sweep angle for civil aircraft is suggested.     

镁基燃料水冲压发动机的热声振荡特性研究

为了探究金属基燃料发动机内的燃烧不稳定性问题,以镁基燃料水冲压发动机为背景,从理论上开展了热声振荡机理及特征频率特性的研究。通过Mg/H2O燃烧化学反应动力学分析,证实了高温环境中水的热分解特性是引起燃烧反应热释放波动的原因,结合不稳定燃烧中的声压振荡,合理解释了热声振荡的发生机理。进一步考虑平均流作用,建立了一维热声振荡计算模型,基于自行开发的热力计算程序,获得了三种选定镁基燃料一次燃烧产物的热力学性质及燃烧水燃比的上限2.0,2.4,2.6,同时结合边界条件、守恒条件求解了声压传播方程,获得了不同工况下的复频特性,实部均在700Hz以内属低频振荡,镁基燃料质量组分配比、进水口位置及水燃比均对特征频率虚部有较大影响,对于既定的燃烧室结构构型及镁基燃料,可通过调节进水量来主动干预热声振荡的发展趋势。     

SiCp/Al复合材料加工损伤及刀具优选研究进展

SiC_p/Al复合材料中增强相SiC颗粒的存在降低了该材料的加工性能,使得其切削加工时产生一系列加工损伤。本文综述了SiC_p/Al复合材料的加工缺陷类型、缺陷形成机理、缺陷控制策略和切削刀具的磨损机理与优选策略,并对今后SiC_p/Al复合材料加工损伤研究进行了展望。     

《市场营销》双语教学调查与思考

<市场营销>双语教学的开展,需要了解学生对双语教学的认知情况,包括希望达到的学习效果、愿意接受的教学模式、教材、限制因素等.以此为基础开展双语教学,必将极大的提高双语教学的效果,提升教学质量.     

基于多智能体混合学习的多星协同动态任务规划算法(英文)

针对多星协同动态任务规划问题,以往多采用基于启发式的重规划算法,但是由于启发式策略依赖于具体任务,使得优化性受到影响。注意到协同规划的历史信息对后续协同规划的影响,本文提出了一种基于策略迭代的多智能体强化学习和迁移学习的混合学习算法求解该问题近似最优策略。本文的多智能体强化学习方法利用神经网络描述各颗卫星的强化学习策略,通过协同进化的方法迭代搜索具有最优拓扑结构和连接权重的策略神经网络个体。针对随机出现的观测任务请求导致历史学习策略失效,通过迁移学习将历史学习策略转换为当前初始策略,保证规划质量前提下加快多星协同任务规划速度。仿真实验及分析结果表明本文算法对动态随机出现的任务请求有良好的适应性。     

一种低压电力线载波通信主动抗干扰技术

针对低压电力线通信由于环境复杂、用户类型繁多、用电时间随机等因素导致干扰,严重时造成通信失败的情况,研究了低压电力线路负载和干扰的性质与规律,建立了信道噪声模型,提出了一种低压电力线载波通信主动抗干扰技术。该技术将收发控制器的阻抗与低压电力通信线路阻抗进行最大限度匹配;对扩频技术进行拓宽研究,进一步提出在扩展频谱的基础上主动选择高可靠性的频段通信的方法,以克服低压电力线的强衰减、强干扰的缺陷。最后本文搭建了实验环境,并对低压电力线存在白色噪声、周期性噪声、脉冲噪声等干扰情况进行了通信实验,结果表明本文方法可行。     

A Novel Processing Route for Ni-doped Alumina Composites

Alumina-based composites containing 0-15wt% Ni metallic phase were produced by hot press-sintering Ni-coated alumina pow-ders. The Ni-coated alumina powders were prepared by the aqueous heterogeneous precipitation of alumina micro-powders and nickel sulfate salt followed by reduction process. The microstructural features and dispersion of Ni phase in Ni-coated alumina powders and the subsequent alumina-Ni cermets were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and trans-mission electron microscope (TEM). The relative density of the hot press-sintered composites was measured with the Archimedes’ method while the fracture strength and the fracture toughness were defined with the three-point bending method and the mi-cro-indentation fracture method. In the formation of alumina-Ni cermets from sintered Ni-coated alumina powders, Ni phase to some extent limits the densification rate and stifles the coarsening and growing process of alumina grains. The Ni phase is found to be located at the interfaces and the triple-joint junctions of alumina grains which results into alteration of the fracture mode of alumina and its in-creased fracture strength and fracture toughness if compared with monolithic alumina.     

PAN基碳纤维的微观结构与力学性能相关性分析

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、小角X射线散射仪对三种聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维T300,T700S,和T800H的结构进行表征,获得几种微观结构信息,包括表面沟槽形貌和拉断断口形貌反映出的前驱体原丝的原纤结构、石墨微晶尺寸及取向程度、微孔尺寸等。结果表明,碳纤维的力学性能不是由某一种微观结构决定的,而是所有微观结构特征的综合表现。T300是三种碳纤维中力学性能最低的,它的这几种微观结构特征参数都较差;T700S比T300的直径略小,但因结构更致密,缺陷更少,所以拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和密度远远高于T300;虽然T800H的原纤结构不如T700S均匀致密,但在单丝直径、剪断断口形貌、石墨微晶取向度和微孔尺寸上优于T700S,因此拉伸强度、拉伸模量和密度更高;但其石墨微晶轴向尺寸较大,造成塑性下降,因此断裂伸长率略小于T700S。