Characterization and Calibration of the CheMin Mineralogical Instrument on Mars Science Laboratory

A principal goal of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity is to identify and characterize past habitable environments on Mars. Determination of the mineralogical and chemical composition of Martian rocks and soils constrains their formation and alteration pathways, providing information on climate and habitability through time. The CheMin X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument on MSL will return accurate mineralogical identifications and quantitative phase abundances for scooped soil samples and drilled rock powders collected at Gale Crater during Curiosity’s 1-Mars-year nominal mission. The instrument has a Co X-ray source and a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) detector arranged in transmission geometry with the sample. CheMin’s angular range of 5^° to 50^° 2θ with <0.35^° 2θ resolution is sufficient to identify and quantify virtually all minerals. CheMin’s XRF requirement was descoped for technical and budgetary reasons. However, X-ray energy discrimination is still required to separate Co?Kα from Co?Kβ and Fe?Kα photons. The X-ray energy-dispersive histograms (EDH) returned along with XRD for instrument evaluation should be useful in identifying elements Z>13 that are contained in the sample. The CheMin XRD is equipped with internal chemical and mineralogical standards and 27 reusable sample cells with either Mylar^? or Kapton^? windows to accommodate acidic-to-basic environmental conditions. The CheMin flight model (FM) instrument will be calibrated utilizing analyses of common samples against a demonstration-model (DM) instrument and CheMin-like laboratory instruments. The samples include phyllosilicate and sulfate minerals that are expected at Gale crater on the basis of remote sensing observations.     

武器分离及舱门开启过程数值模拟研究

基于非结构重叠网格技术,发展了一套能较好模拟空腔流动和武器分离问题的数值计算方法.通过模拟典型空腔流动和WPFS模型分离轨迹,并与试验结果比较,说明本文方法可较好模拟空腔复杂流动和武器分离轨迹.采用发展的数值方法对某内埋弹舱舱门开启过程和内埋武器分离轨迹进行了数值模拟,研究了舱门运动的非定常效应对舱门气动特性的影响.研究表明:一定条件下,舱门运动产生的非定常效应对舱门气动特性影响较大,舱门和舱门控制系统设计时必须考虑;在本文给定条件下,弹舱内的内、外侧导弹均能安全分离.通过研究,为内埋弹舱的舱门设计和内埋武器分离安全评估提供了技术手段和依据.     

一种光学自准直仪快速对准读数的新方法

对各种转台的角度定位误差进行检测时,光学自准直仪和多面棱体配合法是目前最常用的方法。检测过程中尤其是在距离较大或需要五棱镜改变光路时,自准直仪的对准工作需要测试人员花费很多的时间完成,效率极为低下。本文提出了一种利用激光实现自准直仪对准的新方法。实验证明,该方法极大地降低了对准难度,提高了检测效率。     

红外成像设备输出图像十字线毛刺或扭曲故障问题技术归零研究

针对某型直升机红外成像设备输出图像十字线毛刺或扭曲问题,在视频处理电路原理分析的基础上,结合不同技术状态的电路板对比分析试验,进行故障排查定位,揭示了故障隐含于锁相电路和电路点像素时钟被干扰的真实原因,给出了消除毛刺或扭曲的解决办法和措施。     

基于非结构/混合网格的高阶精度DG/FV混合方法研究进展

DG/FV混合方法因其具有紧致、易于推广获得高阶格式及相比同阶精度DG方法计算量、存储量小等优点,自提出以来已成功应用于一维、二维标量方程和Euler/N-S方程的求解。综述了DG/FV混合方法的研究进展,重点介绍了DG/FV混合方法的空间重构算法、针对RANS方程的求解方法、隐式时间离散格式、数值色散耗散及稳定性分析、计算量理论分析,并给出了系列粘性流算例的计算结果,包括用于验证混合方法数值精度的库埃特流,以及方腔流、亚声速剪切层、低速平板湍流、NACA0012翼型湍流绕流等。数值计算结果表明DG/FV混合方法达到了设计的精度阶,且相比同阶DG方法计算量减少约40%,而隐式方法能大幅提高定常流的收敛历程,较显式Runge-Kutta的收敛速度提高1~2个量级。     

加油机加油过程视频监控需求分析

通过对一般加油过程的分析,提出了空中加油机加油过程视频监控需求。将加油过程分为会合、编队、对接、解散四个部分对监控区域进行讨论,并对监控区域进行整理及优化,从功能、分辨率及显示等方面进行分析,给出适应性的视频监控需求,为机外摄像头布局,摄像头和显示器选型,机外照明布置提供有效支持。     

A Novel Onboard-gateway-based Mechanism to Improve TCP Performance in Aeronautical Satellite Networks

The IP-based networks on aircraft serve to support Internet services via satellites. However, in aeronautical satellite hybrid net- works,the TCP protocol performance often deteriorates due to improper decreases and slow recovery of the congestion window. This paper proposes a window size determination and notification mechanism, onboard-gateway-based mechanism (OGBM), which is based on the onboard gateway in the networks on aircraft. A cross-layer approach is adopted by the onboard gateway to obtain the satellite link bandwidth information. And then, by the gateway, through changing the receiver’s advertised window field in ACK packets, TCP sources are notified of the window size of each TCP source calculated on the ground of bandwidth delay product and flow numbers. The mechanism is able to avoid improper changes of TCP window and serve multiple users. Simulation results show that the mechanism with the fairness index close to 1 improves TCP performance in aeronautical satellite networks.     

阻力伞附加质量与阻力系数修正方法

在阻力伞试验,特别是高速滑车试验过程中,由于阻力伞系统作非匀加速的非定常运动以及前置体尾流场的影响,现有的阻力伞试验数据计算方法已经难以准确计算其阻力系数.本文针对阻力伞试验过程中的这种非定常运动和尾流干扰特性,对阻力伞系统进行了动力学分析,并对阻力伞非定常运动过程中的附加质量和尾流场特性进行了理论研究,提出了阻力伞双...     

基于多目标优化的星空认知网络鲁棒波束成形算法

卫星通信(SC)网和无人机(UAV)通信网之间频谱共享、相互融合,能较大提升频谱效率,有望成为第6代移动通信的关键技术之一。与现有文献不同,本文在系统非完美信道状态信息(CSI)的条件下,考虑了次级用户可达速率最大化和发射功率最小化2种准则,利用加权切比雪夫方法构建满足概率约束的多目标优化问题(MOO);由于该问题较为非凸,利用概率公式、半正定松弛等方法将其转化为凸问题,并进一步通过半正定规划(SDP)求解,得到鲁棒波束成形权矢量,获得2种性能指标间的帕累托最优权衡。计算机仿真验证了所提鲁棒波束成形算法的有效性和优越性。     

航天器表面电荷激发空间静电场规律研究

从带电表面微元出发,通过求解泊松方程,得到带电介质平板表面邻近空间静电势的解析表达式,建立介质表面电位-介电常数模型,求得了带电介质平板表面电位、表面带电量和介质介电常数三者之间的关系式。结合典型的航天器表面介质材料带电案例,对此类圆盘结构介质平板带电问题进行了仿真分析,结果表明,在介质材料表面电位一定的情况下,表面电荷激发的空间静电势值随距离的增大而减小,并且距离介质表面越近,电势的空间变化率越大;在介质材料带电量相等的情况下,介质表面电位随着介质介电常数的增大而减小,并逐渐趋于一个稳定值,所以在一定范围内选择介电常数较大的介质材料可以降低介质的表面电位,减小介质间发生静电放电的几率。