软系统方法论在战略性培训中的应用

概括了切克兰德提出的软系统方法论及其解决问题时的逻辑步骤,详细介绍了其在建立战略性培训中的应用,并分析了采用系统的思想和方法建立战略性培训系统模型的过程.     

RAYLEIGH波与表面缺陷相互作用特性的脉冲全息干涉研究

前言 自从开始研究固体中弹性波传播的理论以来,在这个领域里,已经进行过大量的实验和理论研究工作。在基本研究的基础上,人们已弄清楚,存在着两种主要类型的弹性波,即体波和面波。面波在固体介质中传播时,其应力能量集中于固体介质表面,随着传播距离的增加,其振幅损耗远比体波为小。总能量的三分之二是以RAYL-EIGH(瑞利)波形式向外传播这一事实表明,对固体中瑞利波传播的研究和认识,具     

利用声发射(AE)计算火箭发动机壳体在爆破试验时的强度

借助AE技术计算裂纹严重程度的方法用于火箭发动机壳体的爆破试验,是为了计算发动机壳体在液压试验时的结构牢固性。在AE信号中观察到三个高活度区域,其中二个是断裂起始点。目前试验中所应用的计算方法可以在断裂前很好地预料断裂特性。     

带伺服滑环和空气静压轴承的转台主轴干扰力矩的实验研究

带滑环伺服系统且采用空气静压气浮轴承的高精度陀螺漂移伺服转台，其控制精度受到气浮轴承粘滞力矩、涡流力矩、轴系质量配置不当造成的静不平衡力矩和滑环伺服系统对主轴干扰力矩的影响。本文通过理论分析和实验研究认为，当主轴轴系垂直于地面放置时，其主要干扰力矩来自滑环伺服系统。论文在对实验数据进行各项检验和处理的基础上给出了主轴常值和随机干扰力矩的数学表达式，为进一步提高同类伺服转台的伺服精度提供了一条有效的途径。     

Ultrastructural and geochemical characterization of Archean-Paleoproterozoic graphite particles: implications for recognizing traces of life in highly metamorphosed rocks

Abundant graphite particles occur in amphibolite-grade quartzite of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Wutai Metamorphic Complex in the Wutaishan area of North China. Petrographic thin section observations suggest that the graphite particles occur within and between quartzite clasts and are heterogeneous in origin. Using HF maceration techniques, the Wutai graphite particles were extracted for further investigation. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis of a population of extracted graphite discs indicated that they experienced a maximum metamorphic temperature of 513 +/- 50 degrees C, which is consistent with the metamorphic grade of the host rock and supports their indigenicity. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the particles bear morphological features (such as hexagonal sheets of graphite crystals) related to metamorphism and crystal growth, but a small fraction of them (graphite discs) are characterized by a circular morphology, distinct marginal concentric folds, surficial wrinkles, and complex nanostructures. Ion microprobe analysis of individual graphite discs showed that their carbon isotope compositions range from -7.4 per thousand to -35.9 per thousand V-PDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), with an average of -20.3 per thousand, which is comparable to bulk analysis of extracted carbonaceous material. The range of their size, ultrastructures, and isotopic signatures suggests that the morphology and geochemistry of the Wutai graphite discs were overprinted by metamorphism and their ultimate carbon source probably had diverse origins that included abiotic processes. We considered both biotic and abiotic origins of the carbon source and graphite disc morphologies and cannot falsify the possibility that some circular graphite discs characterized by marginal folds and surficial wrinkles represent deflated, compressed, and subsequently graphitized organic-walled vesicles. Together with reports by other authors of acanthomorphic acritarchs from greenschist-amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks, this study suggests that it is worthwhile to examine carbonaceous materials preserved in highly metamorphosed rocks for possible evidence of ancient life.     

大变形复合材料柔性梁刚度计算与试验验证

根据复合材料柔性梁的结构与变形特点,基于Halpin-Tsai等公式对材料模量进行修正,采用桨叶专用软件Blade computer aided desigh(BCAD)对柔性梁的刚度（ 除扭转刚度）进行计算,扭转刚度采用经验公式进行计算。结果表明该方法不仅能提高柔性梁剖面刚度计算的准确性,而且也为无轴承旋翼/尾桨的动力学、载荷计算的准确性提供了保证。     

基于切割单元直角坐标网格的DSMC方法及优化技术

对传统直角坐标网格进行改进,根据计算机图形学对与物面相交的正方形网格进行切割,使单元与物面贴体,并能根据流场的变化对网格区域进行局部加密。结合直角坐标网格与非结构网格的特点,编写了自适应直角坐标网格的生成程序,并发展了基于切割单元直角坐标网格的直接模拟蒙特卡洛(Direct simulation Monte Carlo,DSMC)方法。同时通过当地模拟分子数、动态时间步长技术优化DSMC方法,提升计算效率。数值结果表明,本方法在计算过程中使搜索效率得到大大提升,同时也保证了物面网格单元的贴体性,提高了物面附近流场的计算精度,还易于实现网格自适应。     

基于μ综合的新型空空导弹稳定控制系统控制律设计研究

为避免控制律设计结果出现较大的保守性,考虑新一代大机动空空导弹的非线性、各通道的耦合作用、不确定性和未建模动态特性等问题,研究了基于μ综合方法的导弹稳定控制系统控制律设计。建立了某空空导弹的俯仰通道模型,给出了控制律结构、权函数设置与选取、控制律设计指标,对未建模不确定性、参数不确定性和传感器测量噪声进行了建模,设计了控制结构,用D-K迭代获得了μ综合控制器。数字仿真验证结果表明:设计的俯仰通道鲁棒控制器满足控制性能指标要求,有良好的鲁棒性与稳定性,对大机动空空导弹的非线性、各通道的耦合作用、不确定性和未建模动态特性等具良好的控制效能,实现了一个控制器控制多个工作点,突破了经典控制系统中一个控制器控制少数几个工作点,需在飞行包络内进行复杂动态调参的传统控制模式。