利用声发射(AE)计算火箭发动机壳体在爆破试验时的强度

借助AE技术计算裂纹严重程度的方法用于火箭发动机壳体的爆破试验,是为了计算发动机壳体在液压试验时的结构牢固性。在AE信号中观察到三个高活度区域,其中二个是断裂起始点。目前试验中所应用的计算方法可以在断裂前很好地预料断裂特性。     

带伺服滑环和空气静压轴承的转台主轴干扰力矩的实验研究

带滑环伺服系统且采用空气静压气浮轴承的高精度陀螺漂移伺服转台，其控制精度受到气浮轴承粘滞力矩、涡流力矩、轴系质量配置不当造成的静不平衡力矩和滑环伺服系统对主轴干扰力矩的影响。本文通过理论分析和实验研究认为，当主轴轴系垂直于地面放置时，其主要干扰力矩来自滑环伺服系统。论文在对实验数据进行各项检验和处理的基础上给出了主轴常值和随机干扰力矩的数学表达式，为进一步提高同类伺服转台的伺服精度提供了一条有效的途径。     

Ultrastructural and geochemical characterization of Archean-Paleoproterozoic graphite particles: implications for recognizing traces of life in highly metamorphosed rocks

Abundant graphite particles occur in amphibolite-grade quartzite of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Wutai Metamorphic Complex in the Wutaishan area of North China. Petrographic thin section observations suggest that the graphite particles occur within and between quartzite clasts and are heterogeneous in origin. Using HF maceration techniques, the Wutai graphite particles were extracted for further investigation. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis of a population of extracted graphite discs indicated that they experienced a maximum metamorphic temperature of 513 +/- 50 degrees C, which is consistent with the metamorphic grade of the host rock and supports their indigenicity. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the particles bear morphological features (such as hexagonal sheets of graphite crystals) related to metamorphism and crystal growth, but a small fraction of them (graphite discs) are characterized by a circular morphology, distinct marginal concentric folds, surficial wrinkles, and complex nanostructures. Ion microprobe analysis of individual graphite discs showed that their carbon isotope compositions range from -7.4 per thousand to -35.9 per thousand V-PDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), with an average of -20.3 per thousand, which is comparable to bulk analysis of extracted carbonaceous material. The range of their size, ultrastructures, and isotopic signatures suggests that the morphology and geochemistry of the Wutai graphite discs were overprinted by metamorphism and their ultimate carbon source probably had diverse origins that included abiotic processes. We considered both biotic and abiotic origins of the carbon source and graphite disc morphologies and cannot falsify the possibility that some circular graphite discs characterized by marginal folds and surficial wrinkles represent deflated, compressed, and subsequently graphitized organic-walled vesicles. Together with reports by other authors of acanthomorphic acritarchs from greenschist-amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks, this study suggests that it is worthwhile to examine carbonaceous materials preserved in highly metamorphosed rocks for possible evidence of ancient life.     

用定标块检定圆度仪测量系统放大倍率的精度

放大倍率是圆度仪测量系统的一项重要的检定项目,其数值正确与否将直接影响圆度仪的测量精度。目前,国内外用定标块检定放大倍率的动态检定法用得最广,但在检定精度上也最有争议。我们对这一检定法做了详细的理论分析、计算与试验验证,解决了上述的精度问题,并得到几点重要的结论供圆度仪的设计、生产和使用者在工作中应用。