计算机辅助双轴涡扇发动机台架性能调试

双轴涡扇发动机地面台架试车时,需要对发动机进行性能调试。可调截面积至少有高、低压涡轮导向器排气断面积,内、外函尾喷管最小截面积等四处。当发动机性能参数不符合设计要求时,如何调整这些截面积,是发动机试车中必须解决的问题。本文介绍的方法可以根据试车中所测得的数据迅速算出各个可调截面积所需要调整的数值。     

飞机系统综合试验接地设计与应用

引言 作为飞机系统综合试验,需将多系统机载试验件在模拟机载条件下进行大型综合试验.为了支持地面综合试验的进行,另需配置各种驱动、加载、测控以及管理系统等试验设备,整个试验厂房电磁环境相当复杂.     

民用飞机冲压空气涡轮系统适航工程技术研究

冲压空气涡轮系统是一种飞机应急能源,其在紧急情况下为飞机提供应急液压源和/或应急电源,对飞机应对紧急情况至关重要。参照 AP-21-AA-2011-03-R4 中关于航空器生命周期审定过程划分及合格审定活动,结合某型民用飞机冲压空气涡轮系统研制过程,从识别审定基础开始,将适航条款转化成需求,落实到产品设计中,明确条款的...     

基于析取关系直接变换的冲突解脱方法

针对自由飞行条件下的飞行冲突解脱问题,提出了一种基于析取关系直接变换的联立求解方法(DDTSA)。首先在不引入额外辅助变量的情况下,将基于析取关系的安全边界条件变换成易于联立求解的约束条件,使问题的变量和方程个数大幅度减少,从而降低问题的求解难度。然后为保证求解的精度和稳定性,采用基于Radau配置点的拉格朗日插值多项式对微分代数方程组进行离散化处理,继而求解离散化得到的非线性规划问题。最后分别对2架、3架以及4架飞机的冲突解脱问题进行仿真,仿真结果表明与相关文献中的方法相比,该方法具有更高的计算效率并且能够得到更优的结果。     

双轴发动机特性计算的收敛

本文提出了符合发动机物理模型的多变量非线性方程组的降阶处理方法,与其它各项措施相配合,可以使双轴涡喷、涡扇发动机在任何飞行状态和任何油门位置下的稳态特性计算以及在任何飞行条件下从慢车到最大状态的加速过程计算都能获得比较满意的结果。      

一种多通道电子负载器的设计

电子负载器在航天领域内有着广泛的应用,但是不同的电源设备对电子负载器的功能有着不同的要求。介绍了一种航天领域使用的多通道电子负载器,分别从设备电源、负载电路及电流显示和风扇控制三个部分进行了详细说明。经过系统调试与测试,该负载器运行稳定可靠,能够长时间运行,完全满足了航天器的需求。     

Bacterial growth at the high concentrations of magnesium sulfate found in martian soils

The martian surface environment exhibits extremes of salinity, temperature, desiccation, and radiation that would make it difficult for terrestrial microbes to survive. Recent evidence suggests that martian soils contain high concentrations of MgSO? minerals. Through warming of the soils, meltwater derived from subterranean ice-rich regolith may exist for an extended period of time and thus allow the propagation of terrestrial microbes and create significant bioburden at the near surface of Mars. The current report demonstrates that halotolerant bacteria from the Great Salt Plains (GSP) of Oklahoma are capable of growing at high concentrations of MgSO? in the form of 2 M solutions of epsomite. The epsotolerance of isolates in the GSP bacterial collection was determined, with 35% growing at 2 M MgSO?. There was a complex physiological response to mixtures of MgSO? and NaCl coupled with other environmental stressors. Growth also was measured at 1 M concentrations of other magnesium and sulfate salts. The complex responses may be partially explained by the pattern of chaotropicity observed for high-salt solutions as measured by agar gelation temperature. Select isolates could grow at the high salt concentrations and low temperatures found on Mars. Survival during repetitive freeze-thaw or drying-rewetting cycles was used as other measures of potential success on the martian surface. Our results indicate that terrestrial microbes might survive under the high-salt, low-temperature, anaerobic conditions on Mars and present significant potential for forward contamination. Stringent planetary protection requirements are needed for future life-detection missions to Mars.     

采用差尾控制策略的某型机横滚操纵性

某型战机所采用的气动布局使得其横侧安定性较大,与同代其他现役飞机相比横滚操纵性能较差,飞行员在做横滚机动动作时飞机掉高度现象明显。分析了其在低速和高速飞行时横滚机动性能差的原因,研究了增加差动平尾控制提高横滚操纵性的问题。建立了采用差动平尾后飞机稳定横滚的数学模型,并通过定量分析计算说明了增加差动平尾控制,可以使该型战机的横滚机动性能提高近30%,而不会削弱其安定性。     

Subsurface filamentous fabrics: an evaluation of origins based on morphological and geochemical criteria, with implications for exopaleontology

The fossil record of the subsurface biosphere is sparse. Results obtained on subsurface filamentous fabrics (SFF) from >225 paleosubsurface sites in volcanics, oxidized ores, and paleokarst of subrecent to Proterozoic age are presented. SFF are mineral encrustations on filamentous or fibrous substrates that formed in subsurface environments. SFF occur in association with low-temperature aqueous mineral assemblages and consist of tubular, micron-thick (median 1.6 micron) filaments in high spatial density, which occur as irregular masses, matted fabrics, and vertically draped features that resemble stalactites. Micron-sized filamentous centers rule out a stalactitic origin. Morphometric analysis of SFF filamentous forms demonstrates that their shape more closely resembles microbial filaments than fibrous minerals. Abiogenic filament-like forms are considered unlikely precursors of most SFF, because abiogenic forms differ in the distribution of widths and have a lower degree of curvature and a lower number of direction changes. Elemental analyses of SFF show depletion in immobile elements (e.g., Al, Th) and a systematic enrichment in As and Sb, which demonstrates a relation to environments with high flows of water. Sulfur isotopic analyses are consistent with a biological origin of a SFF sample from a Mississippi Valley-Type deposit, which is consistent with data in the literature. Fe isotopes in SFF and active analogue systems, however, allow no discrimination between biogenic and abiogenic origins. The origin of most SFF is explained as permineralized remains of microbial filaments that possibly record rapid growth during phases of high water flow that released chemical energy. It is possible that some SFF formed due to encrustation of mineral fibers. SFF share similarities with Microcodium from soil environments. SFF are a logical target in the search for past life on Mars. The macroscopic nature of many SFF allows for their relatively easy in situ recognition and targeting for more detailed microstructural and geochemical analysis.     

With a grain of salt: what halite has to offer to discussions on the origin of life

This experimental study investigated how the dynamics of the crystallization of the evaporite mineral halite could affect the accumulation and preservation of organic macromolecules present in the crystallizing solution. Halite was grown under controlled conditions in the presence of polymer nanoparticles that acted as an analog to protocellular material. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy were used to trace the localization of the nanoparticles during and after growth of halite crystals. The present study revealed that the organic nanoparticles were not regularly incorporated within the halite, but were very concentrated on its surfaces. Their distribution was controlled dominantly by the morphologic surface features of the mineral rather than by specific molecular interactions with an atomic plane of the mineral. This means that the distribution of organic molecules was controlled by surfaces like those of halite's evaporitic growth forms. The experiments with halite also demonstrated that a mineral need not continuously incorporate organic molecules during its crystallization to preserve those molecules: After rejection by (non-incorporation into) the crystallizing halite, the organic nanoparticles increased in concentration in the evaporating brine. They ultimately either adsorbed in rectilinear patterns onto the hopper-enhanced surfaces and along discontinuities within the crystals, or they were encapsulated within fluid inclusions. Of additional importance in origin-of-life considerations is the fact that halite in the natural environment rapidly can change its role from that of a protective repository (in the absence of water) to that of a source of organic particles (as soon as water is present) when the mineral dissolves.