喷雾电火花加工稳定性

针对现有雾中电火花加工过程中放电过程稳定性不足的问题,采用去离子水超声雾化及工件端施加辅助超声振动的方式以提高加工过程的稳定性。分别以自来水及纯水产生的雾介质为工作介质进行电火花加工对比实验,结果表明:以超声雾化方式获得的微细雾介质,可有效降低短路率。同时还进行了侧向喷雾加工试验,发现通过侧向喷雾,可以进一步提高加工过程的稳定性,获得更好的加工效果。     

增强型开关电感准Z源逆变器

开关电感准Z源逆变器及其改进型号在升压比方面不能满足新能源领域的严苛需求,限制了Z源逆变器在光伏逆变及其微电网中的运用。通过对传统开关电感准Z源逆变器拓扑结构的改变,提出了一种具有高电压增益的增强型开关电感准Z源逆变器,在原来的一组开关电感的基础上仅再增加一组开关电感,既避免了硬件结构过于复杂,也避免了直通占空比的取值范围过小,同时使得升压比提高5~40倍;确保了输入电流连续;并且X型LC网络的电容电压应力和电感电流脉动得到了有效降低。本文首先对增强型拓扑结构进行了详细的理论分析,然后进行了仿真实验,最后利用实物装置验证了增强型拓扑的可行性和优越性。      

Life sciences

Space life sciences research activities are reviewed for 2003. Many life sciences experiments were lost with the tragic loss of STS-107. Life sciences experiments continue to fly as small payloads to the International Space Station (ISS) via the Russian Progress vehicle. Health-related studies continue with the Martian Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) aboard the Odyssey spacecraft, collecting data on the radiation environment in Mars orbit. NASA Ames increased nanotechnology research in all areas, including fundamental biology, bioastronautics, life support systems, and homeland security. Plant research efforts continued at NASA Kennedy, testing candidate crops for ISS. Research included plant growth studies at different light intensities, varying carbon dioxide concentrations, and different growth media. Education and outreach efforts included development of a NASA/USDA program called Space Agriculture in the Classroom. Canada sponsored a project called Tomatosphere, with classrooms across North America exposing seeds to simulated Mars environment for growth studies. NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research released an updated strategic research plan.     

The role of cross-cultural factors in long-duration international space missions: lessons from the SFINCSS-99 study

The role of cross-cultural factors in long-duration international space missions was examined during an isolation study that simulated many of the conditions aboard the International Space Station. Methods: Interactions involving two heterogeneous crews and one homogeneous crew staying in isolation from 110 to 240 days were studied. Data consisted of post-isolation interviews with crewmembers, ground support personnel and management, observational data, and public statements by crewmembers. Data was analyzed using the techniques of linguistic anthropology and ethnography. Results: Sub-cultural (organizational and professional) differences played a larger role than national differences in causing misunderstandings in this study. Conversely, some misunderstandings and conflicts were escalated by participants falsely assuming cultural differences or similarities. Comparison between the two heterogeneous crews showed the importance of training, personality factors, and commander and language skills in preventing and alleviating cultural misunderstandings. Conclusion: The study revealed a number of ways that cultural differences, real as well as assumed, can play a role and interact with other, non-cultural, factors in causing and/or precipitating conflict situations. It is postulated that such difficulties can be avoided by selecting culturally adaptive crewmembers and by cross-cultural and language training. Also the crew composition and role of commander were found to be important in mitigating conflict situations.     

Microwave Brightness Temperature and Lunar Soil Dielectric Property Retrieve

Among many scientific objectives of lunar exploration, investigations on lunar soil become more and more attractive to the scientists duo to the existence of abundant 3He and ilmenite in the lunar soil and their possible utilization. Although the soil composition determination on the lunar surface is available by visible light spectrometer,γ/X-ray spectrometer etc, the evaluations on the total reserves of 3He and ilmenite in the lunar deep and on the thickness of the lunar soil are still impossible so far. In this paper, the authors first give a rough analysis of the microwave brightness temperature images of the lunar disc observed using the NRAO 12 Meter Telescope and Siberian Solar Radio Telescope; then introduce our researches on the microwave dielectric properties of lunar soil simulators; finally, discuss some basic relations between the microwave brightness temperature and lunar soil properties.     

固体火箭的优化设计

本文阐述了固体火箭初步设计的数值优化方法。该优化从整体观点出发将内弹道和外弹道同时考虑。所需工时的显著减少能够大大地缩短设计过程,用这种方法更容易进行灵活的设计。     

通向气体动力学特征线法的新途径

本文依据流场中运动的两个基本现象及其有关的概念,即流体微团的运动和微小扰动传播的绝对运动及与之相应的物质导数和波导数的关系式,作为建立气体动力学特征线法的基础。与现有的方法相比,本文具有物理概念明确、数学推导简单和结论概括性强的优点,特别是文中首次得到了非定常三元粘性流的相容性方程用向量表达的形式,它对任何惯性坐标系都是有效的。此外,还清楚地讨论了怎样利用特征线方程以及与之对应的相容性方程去获得流场数值解的一般性问题。