复合推进剂连续混合工艺述评

随着固体火箭尺寸的增大及推进剂能量的提高,使用连续混合工艺制造推进剂有可能降低由混合机尺寸所引起的危险,同时提高了生产率。另一方面,连续混合工艺亦象其它连续化学工艺一样可以节省开支。由于固体推进剂是结构材料和弹道的产物,其机械性能和弹道性能的重现性是很重要的。本文论述了如下问题:     

Humans to Mars: a feasibility and cost-benefit analysis

Mars is a compelling astrobiological target, and a human mission would provide an opportunity to collect immense amounts of scientific data. Exploration alone, however, cannot justify the increased risk. Instead, three factors drive a human mission: economics, education, and exploration. A human mission has a unique potential to inspire the next generation of young people to enter critically needed science and engineering disciplines. A mission is economically feasible, and the research and development program put in place for a human mission would propel growth in related high-technology industries. The main hurdles are human physiological responses to 1–2 years of radiation and microgravity exposure. However, enabling technologies are sufficiently mature in these areas that they can be developed within a few decade timescale. Hence, the decision of whether or not to undertake a human mission to Mars is a political decision, and thus, educational and economic benefits are the crucial factors.     

Voluntary head stabilization in space during trunk movements in weightlessness

The ability to voluntarily stabilize the head in space during lateral rhythmic oscillations of the trunk has been investigated during parabolic flights. Five healthy young subjects, who gave informed consent, were examined. The movements were performed with eyes open or eyes closed, either during phases of microgravity or phases of normal gravity. The main result to emerge from this study is that the head may be stabilized in space about the roll axis under microgravity conditions with, as well as without vision, despite the reduction of the vestibular afferent and the muscle proprioceptive inputs. Moreover, the absence of head stabilization about the yaw axis confirms that the degrees of freedom of the neck can be independently controlled, as it was previously shown [1]. These results seem to indicate that voluntary head stabilization does not depend crucially upon static vestibular afferents. Head stabilization in space may be in fact organized on the basis of either dynamic vestibular afferents or a postural body scheme.     

大型火箭发动机的壳体粘结问题

大型药柱的壳体粘结很少进行研究,往往成为火箭发动机生产中很困难的问题。当柔软的橡胶与坚硬的金属壳体粘结时,在粘结线上产生应力集中,会使成品发动机变得不能用。推进剂和壳体粘结的常用方法是采用可固化的胶粘剂包复层。业已证明,包复层和推进剂之间必须具有化学相似性才能很好粘结。本文列举了具体体现这一概念的粘结系统实例,并叙述其间有关的特殊化学反应。     

火箭喷管的二维两相流

本文介绍了编制一组解轴对称喷管气体/粒子流动方程组的计算机程序的进展情况。已经编写了两个程序,是用来解喷管喉部跨声速区的方程组的。第一个程序把两相流体看成是一种具有修正等熵指数和修正分子量的重理想气体,并解跨声速等熵流动方程组,得到的初始流场形状作为第二个程序的输入。第二个程序包含有气体/粒子混合物非平衡效应。这两个程序为进行超声速计算提供准确的初始线数据,这些数据将用作第三个程序的输入。第三个程序是解喷管超声速区两相流动方程组的,不久即将写成。     

光控宽带阵列天线

介绍了一种使用遥控用光纤链路和宽瞬时带宽用光学时移网络的光控阵列天线。综述了为机载监视雷达设计的宽带共形阵天线的研制情况。介绍了L波段96阵元光控阵列的系统设计和性能。讨论了光学元器件和阵列孔径的封装技术。重点介绍了系统的宽带性能。为了验证用于目标识别(ID)和目标成像的50％瞬时带宽(550MHz，距离分辨率为30cm)，测量了纳秒脉冲响应。应用基于时域脉冲测量的机内信号输入技术用于校准时移波束形成网络中的宽带元器件。     

三元乙丙橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和性能研究

以马来酸酐接枝的EPDM齐聚物(EPDM-g-MAH)作为相容剂,用熔体插层的方法成功制备了EPDM／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,研究了材料形成的机理。X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测的结果表明,所制备的纳米复合材料为剥离型结构。与微米级复合材料相比。其力学性能和耐热性能提高。     

增强型开关电感准Z源逆变器

开关电感准Z源逆变器及其改进型号在升压比方面不能满足新能源领域的严苛需求,限制了Z源逆变器在光伏逆变及其微电网中的运用。通过对传统开关电感准Z源逆变器拓扑结构的改变,提出了一种具有高电压增益的增强型开关电感准Z源逆变器,在原来的一组开关电感的基础上仅再增加一组开关电感,既避免了硬件结构过于复杂,也避免了直通占空比的取值范围过小,同时使得升压比提高5~40倍;确保了输入电流连续;并且X型LC网络的电容电压应力和电感电流脉动得到了有效降低。本文首先对增强型拓扑结构进行了详细的理论分析,然后进行了仿真实验,最后利用实物装置验证了增强型拓扑的可行性和优越性。