用于飞机健康监控的传感器技术不断升级

得益于数据处理和存储技术的进步，从飞机上获取的数据量呈爆发式增长，可对飞机实施预测性维修的机会也越来越多。其中，不断进步的传感器技术是支撑飞机健康监控技术发展的关键因素。     

非圆等距型面轮廓X-C轴联动高速磨削试验北大核心CSCD

针对非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工存在表面质量差的问题,建立基于恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削理论模型。选用陶瓷CBN砂轮进行三弧段非圆等距型面轮廓的高速磨削正交试验,探究砂轮线速度、工件速度和磨削深度对磨削比能、切向磨削力、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响规律。分析表明,砂轮线速度对切向磨削力、表面形貌的影响最大,磨削深度对磨削比能、磨削温度、表面粗糙度的影响最大。进行表面形貌观测未探测到明显的磨削烧伤区域,证明恒磨除率X-C轴联动磨削方式可用于非圆等距型面轮廓磨削加工。     

回转体流噪声相似律的实验研究

介绍了回转体流噪声实验的方法,并对实验测得的回转体流噪声声功率谱的谱特性进行了分析。测量结果表明：在高频段,回转体流噪声功率谱按６ｄＢ／倍频程衰减;且其声功率谱与流速的７次方成正比。基于本实验,验证了回转体流噪声相似律理论。     

大尺度空间组合结构有限元分析

本文主要是对常规的空间单元模式作改进研究,解决多元模式配套使用问题;利用单元适当剖分和结构所具有的特性,以提高计算机解题能力;并对不同机械连接方法探讨了弹性接触问题;引入了线性约束条件;讨论了各种类型边界值解法问题;对大型方程集的解作了某些新的工作。     

冷轧无间隙原子钢中的微带生成机理

分析了冷轧体心立方金属中微带的形成原因.基于塑性变形理论,运用Taylor模型和Bishop＆Hill最大功原理,计算了变形体心立方晶体中滑移系上的切应变分布.计算结果表明,冷轧时当晶粒的轧向平行于晶粒的某些特定取向时,大量的局部切应变将集中产生在一个滑移面上并在此形成微带.这一高度局域性的切应变是形成剪切带的原因.此时,剪切带与轧制方向之间夹角为30°.另外,微带呈片状是双交滑移的结果,透射电子显微镜观察到的剪切带所在晶粒的取向和所在滑移面证实了这一微带的形成机制.     

航空发动机叶片矩形阵列磨削加工技术

航空发动机高压压气机叶片弯扭严重、进排气边小、材料加工难度大、精度要求高,采用常规锻造、辊轧、铣削、电解加工方法极难在高效率、低成本的前提下保证其几何精度和表面质量。而常规多轴联动磨削效率过低,且面临复杂的加工残余应力变形问题。因此,利用反向分段残余应力加工控制方法与研制的矩形阵列磨削机床相结合成功实现了多个型号叶片的多主轴同步磨削加工。其中,利用分段方法实现了工件的局部刚性化,等效减小了本段材料的加工变形,利用反向加工顺序消除了本段微小残余应力变形对其他各段的位置移动和误差放大,解决了柔性体局部材料加工过程定位基准的变位问题,使加工残余应力变形的影响减少至接近于零。所加工出的叶片线轮廓度和面轮廓度分别达到30μm和40μm以内,采用4主轴机床后磨削效率较此前单主轴机床的提高近4倍,该方法可以大幅度降低叶片加工成本,并为采用更多主轴机床矩形阵列加工奠定了基础。     

一种新型多普勒噪声抑制技术对BepiColombo任务无线电科学实验的性能提升

在欧洲空间局和日本宇宙开发机构联合开展的BepiColombo水星任务中,将开展水星轨道器无线电科学实验,包括估计水星的引力场及其旋转状态,并对广义相对论进行验证。目前地面系统和星上设备的主流配置可以在无线电科学实验中建立X/X、X/Ka和Ka/Ka多个频段的链路,测速精度可达3 um/s（1 000 s积分）,测距精度为20 cm。提出了基于时延机械噪声对消技术提高无线电科学实验性能的方案。时延机械噪声对消技术需要处理在两个测站不同时刻的测量数据,一个测站实施双向多普勒测距,对另一个单收测站的要求较为严格,该测站需要具有较好的对流层条件。这种方法能够显著降低Ka频段双向链路的主要测量噪声,包括由对流层和天线机械系统震动引起的噪声。我们给出了端到端的仿真性能,并估计了在使用时延机械噪声对消技术前提下的水星引力场和旋转状态。考虑使用NASA位于美国本土戈尔德斯敦的DSS-25天线或欧空局位于阿根廷马拉圭的DSA-3天线作为双程测量站,并考虑使用位于智力的APEX天文观测天线作为单收站。分析结果表明在最好的噪声条件下,使用DSA-3天线作为双程测量站时,时延机械噪声对消技术可将待估计的全局和局部参数的估计精度提升一倍。对于无线电科学实验的目标,这一可能的性能提升对行星地质物理学很有意义,它将有益于研究水星内部的结构。     

Calcification and silicification: fossilization potential of cyanobacteria from stromatolites of Niuafo'ou's Caldera Lakes (Tonga) and implications for the early fossil record

Calcification and silicification processes of cyanobacterial mats that form stromatolites in two caldera lakes of Niuafo'ou Island (Vai Lahi and Vai Si'i) were evaluated, and their importance as analogues for interpreting the early fossil record are discussed. It has been shown that the potential for morphological preservation of Niuafo'ou cyanobacteria is highly dependent on the timing and type of mineral phase involved in the fossilization process. Four main modes of mineralization of cyanobacteria organic parts have been recognized: (i) primary early postmortem calcification by aragonite nanograins that transform quickly into larger needle-like crystals and almost totally destroy the cellular structures, (ii) primary early postmortem silicification of almost intact cyanobacterial cells that leave a record of spectacularly well-preserved cellular structures, (iii) replacement by silica of primary aragonite that has already recrystallized and obliterated the cellular structures, (iv) occasional replacement of primary aragonite precipitated in the mucopolysaccharide sheaths and extracellular polymeric substances by Al-Mg-Fe silicates. These observations suggest that the extremely scarce earliest fossil record may, in part, be the result of (a) secondary replacement by silica of primary carbonate minerals (aragonite, calcite, siderite), which, due to recrystallization, had already annihilated the cellular morphology of the mineralized microbiota or (b) relatively late primary silicification of already highly degraded and no longer morphologically identifiable microbial remains.     

The PROCESS experiment: an astrochemistry laboratory for solid and gaseous organic samples in low-earth orbit

The PROCESS (PRebiotic Organic ChEmistry on the Space Station) experiment was part of the EXPOSE-E payload outside the European Columbus module of the International Space Station from February 2008 to August 2009. During this interval, organic samples were exposed to space conditions to simulate their evolution in various astrophysical environments. The samples used represent organic species related to the evolution of organic matter on the small bodies of the Solar System (carbonaceous asteroids and comets), the photolysis of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, and the search for organic matter at the surface of Mars. This paper describes the hardware developed for this experiment as well as the results for the glycine solid-phase samples and the gas-phase samples that were used with regard to the atmosphere of Titan. Lessons learned from this experiment are also presented for future low-Earth orbit astrochemistry investigations.     

减少鸟撞——新型雷达网使空域更安全

引言在美国航空公司l549航班坠机后,即使普通大众都明白鸟撞的危险。对于哈德逊奇迹,如果没有机组人员的职业操守和救助者的支持,结果或许就不是创造了奇迹而是酿成了悲剧。不幸的是其他的鸟撞损失就不