7. Dynamics,winds, circulation and turbulence in the atmosphere of venus

With the possible exception of the lowest one or two scale heights, the dominant mode of circulation of Venus' atmosphere is a rapid, zonal, retrograde motion. Global albedo variations in the ultraviolet may reflect planetary scale waves propagating relative to the zonal winds. Other special phenomena such as cellular convection in the subsolar region and internal gravity waves generated in the interaction of the zonal circulation with the subsolar disturbance may also be revealed in ultraviolet imagery of the atmosphere. We discuss the contributions of experiments on the Orbiter and Entry Probes of Pioneer Venus toward unravelling the mystery of the planet's global circulation and the role played by waves, instabilities and convection therein.     

Relationship Between Substorm Auroras and Processes in the Near-Earth Magnetotail

Although the auroral substorm has been long regarded as a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm, a direct relation of active auroras to certain magnetospheric processes is still debatable. To investigate the relationship, we combine the data of the UV imager onboard the Polar satellite with plasma and magnetic field measurements by the Geotail spacecraft. The poleward edge of the auroral bulge, as determined from the images obtained at the LHBL passband, is found to be conjugated with the region where the oppositely directed fast plasma flows observed in the near-Earth plasma sheet during substorms are generated. We conclude that the auroras forming the bulge are due to the near-Earth reconnection process. This implies that the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge is equal to the flux dissipated in the magnetotail during the substorm. Comparison of the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge with the magnetic flux accumulated in the tail lobe during the growth phase shows that these parameters have the comparable values. This is a clear evidence of the loading–unloading scheme of substorm development. It is shown that the area of the auroral bulge developing during substorm is proportional to the total (magnetic plus plasma) pressure decrease in the magnetotail. These findings stress the importance of auroral bulge observations for monitoring of substorm intensity in terms of the magnetic flux and energy dissipation.     

The Hydrogen Exospheric Density Profile Measured with ASPERA-3/NPD

We have evaluated the Lyman-α limb emission from the exospheric hydrogen of Mars measured by the neutral particle detector of the ASPERA-3 instrument on Mars Express in 2004 at low solar activity (solar activity index = 42, F_10.7=100). We derive estimates for the hydrogen exobase density, n _H = 10¹⁰ m^?3, and for the apparent temperature, T > 600 K. We conclude that the limb emission measurement is dominated by a hydrogen component that is considerably hotter than the bulk temperature at the exobase. The derived values for the exosphere density and temperature are compared with similar measurements done by the Mariner space probes in the 1969. The values found with Mars Express and Mariner data are brought in a broader context of exosphere models including the possibility of having two hydrogen components in the Martian exosphere. The present observation of the Martian hydrogen exosphere is the first one at high altitudes during low solar activity, and shows that for low solar activity exospheric densities are not higher than for high solar activity.     

基于语音标签的语音浏览器

随着互联网的发展,Web已经成为获取各种信息的重要途径,但是并不是所有人都能享受互联网所带来的便利。针对某些不便于使用鼠标和键盘输入的情况,开发了一个基于语音的网页浏览系统。主要特点是通过采用给网页自动添加语音标签的方法来辅助用户与互联网的语音交互。该系统通过对互联网上的网页进行本地缓存并加入语音标签,对用户的语音输入进行引导和提示,实现了语音控制的网页浏览。     

气氢/气氧塞式喷管模型发动机实验

以气氢/气氧为推进剂,对圆转方内喷管单元直排塞式喷管进行了热试实验研究。介绍了实验系统及实验发动机主要零部件的结构和设计参数,给出了实验参数测量结果、实验照片和数据分析。无再生冷却塞式喷管发动机采用耐烧蚀材料钨渗铜加工内喷管和燃烧室内衬,碳钢材料加工塞锥,成功进行了多次短时间热试实验。在三个压比下获得了塞式喷管性能数据,实验表明,塞式喷管具有良好的高度补偿能力和较高的效率。在CNPR=110附近,效率达到93%~95%;在CNPR=450附近,效率达到96%~98%;在CNPR=1000附近,效率达到93%~96%。预计在设计点的效率不低于98%。     

缝合复合材料弹性常数细观力学模型的分析比较

对近几年来公开发表的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学模型进行了分析比较。通过计算对比了铺层纤维面内弯折、正弦波状弯曲、多项式描述纤维弯曲三个典型的缝合复合材料弹性常数的细观力学分析模型。结果表明,采用面内纤维弯折假设的弹性常数分析模型对缝纫参数的改变不敏感;采用面内纤维弯曲假设的模型对缝纫参数改变敏感,不同模型得到的弹性常数随缝纫参数变化趋势几乎是相同的。但是,假设纤维在针脚附近只有部分纤维发生弯曲比假设纤维全部发生弯曲得到的结论更合理。     

飞行器尖化前缘的热结构特性

在分析尖化前缘热环境特性的基础上,给出了尖化前缘相应的热结构特性的计算和分析,分析结果表明：尖化前缘热流密度在2～3个自由程内下降到原来的1/3,而表面温度仅有10%的下降;高热导率的防热材料可降低前缘的最高表面温度,对非烧蚀热防护十分有利,它还可提高后部的表面温度,增加辐射散热的力度,这是非烧蚀热防护的重要机制.     

Hamilton正则方程半解析法的收敛和对称分析

近年来,Hamilton正则方程半解析法在工程问题上的应用越来越广泛,但至今未见有关这种方法收敛性和对称性问题研究的文献。基于Hamilton正则方程的半解析法理论,通过变分原理详细推导了Hamiltonian元素的固支和简支边界公式及对称边界公式。多个实例的数值研究表明：随着网格加密,Hamilton正则方程半解析法的收敛速度快于一般传统位移有限元法,对称解法的效率明显优于整体解法。     

服务网格中面向业务用户的服务组合方法

服务网格环境中如何快速构建组合服务,为业务用户提供快速整合资源、配置集成化应用的平台,按需创建个性化应用,以降低大规模软件开发的成本、提高效率,成为了服务网格领域亟待解决的一个问题。提出了一种服务网格环境中面向业务用户的服务组合方法,它通过服务映射机制实现从业务用户所熟悉的业务服务到具体物理服务的映射;利用基于上下文的流程推导技术实现了组合业务服务流程向组合物理服务流程的映射;利用物理服务选取技术,生成能够最大限度满足用户需要的组合服务。研究表明该方法应用的原型系统,适用于普通业务用户,能够提高组合物理服务流程构建的效率。     

高温超导磁悬浮助推缩比试验系统动态测试分析

基于磁悬浮助推技术概念研究方案建立了一套悬浮加速缩比试验系统.从整体缩比模型振动试验出发,主要研究悬浮质量以及悬浮刚度对整体系统动态性能的影响,并在进行缩比单元动态试验结论的基础上,建立试验模型的加速试验动态采集系统,对整体模型进行运行性能试验.在试验基础上提出了提高磁悬浮推进系统运行稳定性的依据,并据此提出相应可行的解决方案设想.通过模型加速试验并采集试验数据定性分析磁浮系统的综合运动性能,以更好地评估系统稳定特性和品质,也为进一步研究磁悬浮助推发射的气动、分离系统稳定性和可靠性提供参考.