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821.
822.
M. V. Levskii 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(6):521-533
The problem of optimal turn of a spacecraft from an arbitrary initial position to a final specified angular position in a
minimum time is considered and solved. A case is investigated, when the constraint on spacecraft’s angular momentum during
the turn is essential. Based on the quaternion method a solution to the posed problem has been found, and an optimal control
program is constructed taking the constraints on controlling moment into account. The optimal control is found in the class
of regular motions. A condition (calculation expression) is presented for determining the moment to begin braking with the
use of measurements of current motion parameters, which considerably improves the accuracy of putting the spacecraft into
a preset position. For a dynamically symmetrical spacecraft the solution to the problem of optimal control by the spacecraft
spatial turn is presented in analytical form (expressions in elementary functions). An example of mathematical modeling of
the spacecraft motion dynamics under optimal control over reorientation is given. 相似文献
823.
824.
Anatoly I. Grigoriev 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(9-10):1418-1423
Oleg G. Gazenko belongs to the noble cohort of pupils of well-known Russian physiologist L.A. Orbeli. He was one of the fathers of space biology and medicine, discipline in which he displayed his brilliant talents of experimenter and thinker. He was acknowledged for the investigations of spaceflight effects on living systems, the concept of medical operations system to support long-term piloted missions and implementation of biological researches that fostered the advance of space and gravitational biology. The analytical works of Oleg G. Gazenko are of imperishable significance for future researches to the benefit of space biomedicine. 相似文献
825.
F. De Tiberis L. Simone D. Gelfusa P. Simone R. Viola A. Santoni O. Cocciolillo M. Ziarelli F. Barletta N. Salerno M. Maffei V. Nanni 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(5-6):591-598
This paper reports the main characteristics of the deep space transponder (DST) equipment that has been designed, developed and tested by Thales Alenia Space—Italy (TAS-I) for the European Space Agency (ESA) BepiColombo mission to Mercury. 相似文献
826.
A. I. Tkachenko 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(2):150-159
A method to find and identify failures in a spacecraft’s set of sensitive elements that measure vector quantities of different
nature is discussed. 相似文献
827.
Vázquez-Mayagoitia Á Horton SR Sumpter BG Šponer J Šponer JE Fuentes-Cabrera M 《Astrobiology》2011,11(2):115-121
The RNA-world theory hypothesizes that early Earth life was based on the RNA molecule. However, the notion that ribose, the sugar in RNA, is unstable still casts a serious doubt over this theory. Recently, it has been found that the silicate-mediated formose reaction facilitates the stabilization of ribose. Using accurate quantum chemical calculations, we determined the relative stability of the silicate complexes of arabinose, lyxose, ribose, and xylose with the intent to determine which would form predominantly from a formose-like reaction. Five stereoisomers were investigated for each complex. The stereoisomers of 2:1 ribose-silicate are the more stable ones, to the extent that the least stable of these is even more stable than the most stable stereoisomer of the other 2:1 sugar-silicate complexes. Thus, thermodynamically, a formose-like reaction in the presence of silicate minerals should preferentially form the silicate complex of ribose over the silicate complex of arabinose, lyxose, and xylose. 相似文献
828.
E. P. Kontar J. C. Brown A. G. Emslie W. Hajdas G. D. Holman G. J. Hurford J. Ka?parov�� P. C. V. Mallik A. M. Massone M. L. McConnell M. Piana M. Prato E. J. Schmahl E. Suarez-Garcia 《Space Science Reviews》2011,159(1-4):301-355
X-radiation from energetic electrons is the prime diagnostic of flare-accelerated electrons. The observed X-ray flux (and polarization state) is fundamentally a convolution of the cross-section for the hard X-ray emission process(es) in question with the electron distribution function, which is in turn a function of energy, direction, spatial location and time. To address the problems of particle propagation and acceleration one needs to infer as much information as possible on this electron distribution function, through a deconvolution of this fundamental relationship. This review presents recent progress toward this goal using spectroscopic, imaging and polarization measurements, primarily from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). Previous conclusions regarding the energy, angular (pitch angle) and spatial distributions of energetic electrons in solar flares are critically reviewed. We discuss the role and the observational evidence of several radiation processes: free-free electron-ion, free-free electron-electron, free-bound electron-ion, photoelectric absorption and Compton backscatter (albedo), using both spectroscopic and imaging techniques. This unprecedented quality of data allows for the first time inference of the angular distributions of the X-ray-emitting electrons and improved model-independent inference of electron energy spectra and emission measures of thermal plasma. Moreover, imaging spectroscopy has revealed hitherto unknown details of solar flare morphology and detailed spectroscopy of coronal, footpoint and extended sources in flaring regions. Additional attempts to measure hard X-ray polarization were not sufficient to put constraints on the degree of anisotropy of electrons, but point to the importance of obtaining good quality polarization data in the future. 相似文献
829.
830.
Hugh S. Hudson 《Space Science Reviews》2011,158(1):5-41
This article broadly reviews our knowledge of solar flares. There is a particular focus on their global properties, as opposed
to the microphysics such as that needed for magnetic reconnection or particle acceleration as such. Indeed solar flares will
always remain in the domain of remote sensing, so we cannot observe the microscales directly and must understand the basic
physics entirely via the global properties plus theoretical inference. The global observables include the general energetics—radiation
in flares and mass loss in coronal mass ejections (CMEs)—and the formation of different kinds of ejection and global wave
disturbance: the type II radio-burst exciter, the Moreton wave, the EIT “wave”, and the “sunquake” acoustic waves in the solar
interior. Flare radiation and CME kinetic energy can have comparable magnitudes, of order 1032 erg each for an X-class event, with the bulk of the radiant energy in the visible-UV continuum. We argue that the impulsive
phase of the flare dominates the energetics of all of these manifestations, and also point out that energy and momentum in
this phase largely reside in the electromagnetic field, not in the observable plasma. 相似文献