全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2558篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
航空 | 1257篇 |
航天技术 | 1004篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
航天 | 301篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 43篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 53篇 |
2013年 | 65篇 |
2012年 | 52篇 |
2011年 | 93篇 |
2010年 | 64篇 |
2009年 | 110篇 |
2008年 | 155篇 |
2007年 | 69篇 |
2006年 | 52篇 |
2005年 | 68篇 |
2004年 | 71篇 |
2003年 | 91篇 |
2002年 | 47篇 |
2001年 | 102篇 |
2000年 | 46篇 |
1999年 | 87篇 |
1998年 | 85篇 |
1997年 | 64篇 |
1996年 | 64篇 |
1995年 | 89篇 |
1994年 | 97篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 59篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 56篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 75篇 |
1984年 | 42篇 |
1983年 | 48篇 |
1982年 | 56篇 |
1981年 | 77篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 19篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1972年 | 17篇 |
1969年 | 13篇 |
1966年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有2569条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
E. Echer B.T. Tsurutani F.L. Guarnieri 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
In this article, we study fast shocks at CIR boundaries during an extended interval of 15 consecutive major high speed solar wind streams in 1992–1993. Ulysses was 4–5 AU from the sun. The Abraham-Schrauner shock normal method and the Rankine-Hugoniot relations were used to determine fast shock directions and speeds. Out of 33 potential CIR shocks, 14 were determined to be fast forward shocks (FSs) and 14 were fast reverse shocks (RSs). Of the remaining 5 events, 2 were forward waves and 3 were reverse waves. CIR edges at latitudes below ∼30o were, for the most part, bounded by fast magnetosonic shocks. The forward shocks were generally quasi-perpendicular (average θnBo = 67o). The reverse shocks were more oblique (average θnBo = 52o), but they extended to all angles. Both FSs and RSs had magnetosonic Mach numbers ranging from 1 to 5 or 6. The average Mach numbers were 2.4 and 2.6 for FSs and RSs, respectively. The shock Mach numbers were noted to generally decrease with increasing latitude. The non-shock events or waves were noted to occur preferentially at high (∼−30° to −35°) heliolatitudes where stream-stream interactions were presumably weaker. These results are consistent with expectations, indicating the general accuracy of the Abraham-Schrauner technique. 相似文献
992.
D. Kucharski T. Otsubo G. Kirchner F. Koidl 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
The Graz 2 kHz Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements allow determination of the spin axis orientation of the geodetic satellite Ajisai. The high repetition rate of the laser makes it possible to determine the epoch time when the laser is pointing directly between two corner cube reflector (CCR) rings of the satellite. Identification of many such events during a few (up to 3) consecutive passes allows to state the satellite orientation in the celestial coordinate system. Six years of 2 kHz SLR data (October 2003–October 2009) delivered 331 orientation values which clearly show precession of the axis along a cone centered at 14h56m2.8s in right ascension and 88.512° in declination (J2000.0 celestial reference frame) and with an half-aperture angle θ of 1.405°. The spin axis precesses with a period of 117 days, which is equal to the period of the right ascension of the ascending node of Ajisai’s orbit. We present a model of the axis precession which allows prediction of the satellite orientation – necessary for the envisaged laser time transfer via Ajisai mirrors. 相似文献
993.
C.E. Sioris J. Zou C.T. McElroy C.A. McLinden H. Vömel 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
An algorithm has been developed that retrieves water vapour profiles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from optical depth spectra obtained by the Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (MAESTRO) instrument onboard the SCISAT satellite as part of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) mission. The retrieval relies on ro-vibrational absorption of solar radiation by water vapour in the 926–970 nm range. During the iterative inversion process, the optical depth spectra are simulated at the spectral resolution and sampling frequency of MAESTRO using the correlated-k approximation. The Chahine inversion updates the water vapour volume mixing ratio (VMR), adjusting all retrieval layers simultaneously, to match the observed differential optical depth due to absorption by water vapour and ozone at each tangent height. This approach accounts for significant line saturation effects. Profiles are typically obtained from ∼22 km down to the cloud tops or to 5 km, with relative precision as small as 3% in the troposphere. In the lower stratosphere, the precision on water vapour VMR is ∼1.3 μmol/mol in an individual retrieval layer (∼1 km thick). The spectral capability of MAESTRO allows for the clear separation of extinction due to water vapour and aerosol, and for the fitting quality to be quantified and used to determine an altitude-dependent convergence criterion for the retrieval. In the middle troposphere, interhemispheric differences in water vapour VMR are driven by oceanic evaporation whereas in the upper troposphere, deep convection dominates and a strong seasonal cycle is observed at high latitudes. 相似文献
994.
D. Buresova L.-A. McKinnell T. Sindelarova B.A. De La Morena 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
This paper presents results from the Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) validation for selected Northern and Southern Hemisphere middle latitude locations. The created database incorporated 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred within the period 1995–2007. This validation included data from some ionospheric stations (e.g., Pruhonice, El Arenosillo) that were not considered in the development or previous validations of the model. Hourly values of the F2 layer critical frequency, foF2, measured for 5–7 days during the main and recovery phases of each selected storm were compared with the predicted IRI 2007 foF2 with the STORM model option activated. To perform a detailed comparison between observed values, medians and predicted foF2 values the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the percentage improvement were calculated. Results of the comparative analysis show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative phases of the summer ionospheric storms, while electron density enhancement during winter storms and the changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced with less accuracy. The STORM model corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe geomagnetic storms. 相似文献
995.
G.T. Marklund 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
The downward field-aligned current region plays an active role in magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling processes associated with aurora. A quasi-static electric field structure with a downward parallel electric field forms at altitudes between 800 km and 5000 km, accelerating ionospheric electrons upward, away from the auroral ionosphere. Other phenomena including energetic ion conics, electron solitary waves, low-frequency wave activity, and plasma density cavities occur in this region, which also acts as a source region for VLF saucers. Results are presented from high-altitude Cluster observations with particular emphasis on the characteristics and dynamics of quasi-static electric field structures. These, extending up to altitudes of at least 4–5 Earth radii, appear commonly as monopolar or bipolar electric fields. The former occur at sharp boundaries, such as the polar cap boundary whereas the bipolar fields occur at softer boundaries within the plasma sheet. The temporal evolution of quasi-static electric field structures, as captured by the pearls-on-a-string configuration of the Cluster spacecraft, indicates that the formation of electric field structures and of ionospheric plasma density cavities are closely coupled processes. A related feature of the downward current is a broadening of the current sheet with time, possibly related to the depletion process. Preliminary studies of the coupling of electric fields in the downward current region, show that small-scale structures are typically decoupled from the ionosphere, similar to what has been found for the upward current region. However, exceptions are also found where small-scale electric fields couple perfectly between the ionosphere and Cluster altitudes. Recent FAST results indicate that the degree of coupling differs between sheet-like and curved structures, and that it is typically partial. The electric field coupling further depends on the current–voltage relationship, which is highly non-linear in the downward current region, and still unrevealed, as to its specific form. 相似文献
996.
G. Tobie B. Giese T. A. Hurford R. M. Lopes F. Nimmo F. Postberg K. D. Retherford J. Schmidt J. R. Spencer T. Tokano E. P. Turtle 《Space Science Reviews》2010,153(1-4):375-410
The surface morphology of icy moons is affected by several processes implicating exchanges between their subsurfaces and atmospheres (if any). The possible exchange of material between the subsurface and the surface is mainly determined by the mechanical properties of the lithosphere, which isolates the deep, warm and ductile ice material from the cold surface conditions. Exchanges through this layer occur only if it is sufficiently thin and/or if it is fractured owing to tectonic stresses, melt intrusion or impact cratering. If such conditions are met, cryomagma can be released, erupting fresh volatile-rich materials onto the surface. For a very few icy moons (Titan, Triton, Enceladus), the emission of gas associated with cryovolcanic activity is sufficiently large to generate an atmosphere, either long-lived or transient. For those moons, atmosphere-driven processes such as cryovolcanic plume deposition, phase transitions of condensable materials and wind interactions continuously re-shape their surfaces, and are able to transport cryovolcanically generated materials on a global scale. In this chapter, we discuss the physics of these different exchange processes and how they affect the evolution of the satellites’ surfaces. 相似文献
997.
998.
R.M. Gunasingha A.R. Fazely J.H. Adams Jr. H.S. Ahn G.L. Bashindzhagyan K.E. Batkov J. Chang M. Christl O. Ganel T.G. Guzik J. Isbert K.C. Kim E.N. Kouznetsov M.I. Panasyuk A.D. Panov W.K.H. Schmidt E.S. Seo N.V. Sokolskaya J.W. Watts J.P. Wefel J. Wu V.I. Zatsepin Z.W. Lin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
We have performed a detailed Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation for the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) detector using the MC code FLUKA-2005 which is capable of simulating particles up to 10 PeV. The ATIC detector has completed two successful balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica lasting a total of more than 35 days. ATIC is designed as a multiple, long duration balloon flight, investigation of the cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy; using a fully active Bismuth Germanate (BGO) calorimeter. It is equipped with a large mosaic of silicon detector pixels capable of charge identification, and, for particle tracking, three projective layers of x–y scintillator hodoscopes, located above, in the middle and below a 0.75 nuclear interaction length graphite target. Our simulations are part of an analysis package of both nuclear (A) and energy dependences for different nuclei interacting in the ATIC detector. The MC simulates the response of different components of the detector such as the Si-matrix, the scintillator hodoscopes and the BGO calorimeter to various nuclei. We present comparisons of the FLUKA-2005 MC calculations with GEANT calculations and with the ATIC CERN data. 相似文献
999.
1000.
To resolve interference problems between fixed-satellite and terrestrial radio relay services and expand coordination areas between the two services, theoretical and experimental studies were carried out. Theoretical D/U values calculation formulas between the two systems were derived, interference data from 4 GHz and 11 GHz band terrestrial radio-relay systems were obtained by a measuring system mounted on a vehicle. By comparing those results, it becomes clear that the ensemble interference reduction factors for 4 GHz and 11 GHz bands are around 20 dB, which is mixed values of attenuation and reflection from big buildings in urban areas 相似文献