The promotive effect of latrunculin B on maize root gravitropism is concentration dependent.

The cytoskeleton has been proposed to be a key player in the gravitropic response of higher plants. A major approach to determine the role of the cytoskeleton in gravitropism has been to use inhibitors to disrupt the cytoskeleton and then to observe the effect that such disruption has on organ bending. Several investigators have reported that actin or microtubule inhibitors do not prevent root gravitropism, leading to the conclusion that the cytoskeleton is not involved in this process. However, there are recent reports showing that disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with the actin inhibitor, latrunculin B, promotes the gravitropic response of both roots and shoots. In roots, curvature is sustained during prolonged periods of clinorotation despite short periods of gravistimulation. These results indicate that an early gravity-induced signal continues to persist despite withdrawal of the constant gravity stimulus. To investigate further the mechanisms underlying the promotive effect of actin disruption on root gravitropism, we treated maize roots with varying concentrations of latrunculin B in order to determine the lowest concentration of latrunculin B that has an effect on root bending. After a 10-minute gravistimulus, treated roots were axially rotated on a one rpm clinostat and curvature was measured after 15 hours. Our results show that 100 nM latrunculin B induced the strongest promotive effect on the curvature of maize roots grown on a clinostat. Moreover, continuously gravistimulated roots treated with 100 nM latrunculin B exhibited stronger curvature responses while decapped roots treated with this concentration of latrunculin B did not bend during continuous gravistimulation. The stronger promotive effect of low concentrations of latrunculin B on the curvature of both clinorotated and continuously gravistimulated roots suggests that disruption of the finer, more dynamic component of the actin cytoskeleton could be the cause of the enhanced tropic responses of roots to gravity.     

模拟壳体/燃烧室外压承载能力研究

为了研究固体火箭发动机的外压承载能力,了解药柱对燃烧室外压承载能力的贡献,文章对设计的模拟壳体和燃烧室进行了外压极限试验,得到了临界外压屈曲载荷.同时采用有限元软件进行了模拟壳体/燃烧室的外压稳定计算,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.试验和计算结果都表明:虽然推进剂药柱模量较低,但其对燃烧室外压承载能力贡献较大.在固体发动机外压工况下的设计中,外压载荷指标不能仅分配给壳体,还需要综合考虑壳体与药柱的承载能力.     

DC/DC变换器抗辐射试验

文章以ZHDC28S05/18W型数字化DC/DC变换器(额定输入28V,输出5V/3.6A)为例,制定了DC/DC变换器辐射总剂量和单粒子效应试验的方案并进行了摸底试验,根据试验结果更换了集成功率芯片LM2596-ADJ,使产品的抗辐射性能有了明显提高.     

民用飞机结构抗坠性设计的研究进展

飞机的飞行事故严重威胁着乘务人员和乘客的生命安全,在飞机设计的初级阶段加入抗坠性设计可以大大提高飞机的安全性能.本文简单回顾大型客机结构在抗坠毁性设计方面的研究进展和发展趋势,介绍了国内外大型飞机结构抗坠性的研究内容和方法(包括理论分析和试验研究),重点介绍了目前结构抗坠性设计的分析方法和思路,提出了考虑多种影响因素作...     

区间贝齐尔曲面的逼近(英文)

根据摄动理论,提出一种使用最小能量法的区间贝齐尔曲面逼近有理曲面的方法。该方法采用了恰当的范数,可以对摄动曲面以较多的限制,并通过实例演示了该方法的应用。实验可以与细分技术相结合,得到有理曲面的分片区间多项式的逼近。     

Backstepping design of missile guidance and control based on adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control

This paper presents an integrated missile guidance and control law based on adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control. The integrated model is formulated as a block-strict-feedback nonlinear system, in which modeling errors, unmodeled nonlinearities, target maneuvers, etc. are viewed as unknown uncertainties. The adaptive nonlinear control law is designed based on backstepping and sliding mode control techniques. An adaptive fuzzy system is adopted to approximate the coupling nonlinear functions of the system, and for the uncertainties, we utilize an online-adaptive control law to estimate the unknown parameters. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is also conducted. Simulation results show that, with the application of the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control, small miss distances and smooth missile trajectories are achieved, and the system is robust against system uncertainties and external disturbances.     

带有时间约束的再入滑翔轨迹设计

为了满足飞行器协同飞行任务需求，本文研究了带有时间约束的再入滑翔轨迹设计方法。首先，建立了合理假设条件下的再入滑翔运动模型，并且提出了一种再入滑翔轨迹分段方法。其次，针对不同飞行段特点及任务需求，分别设计了各段导引律。其中，重点推导了滑翔段飞行剩余时间和剩余航程的解析解，将剩余飞行时间与末制导交班点速度建立对应关系，运用解析预测-校正思想，通过在时间调整段和能量调整段调节倾侧角翻转时机和幅值，同时满足末端能量和时间约束。最后，通过理论分析与仿真校验说明了本方法的有效性及鲁棒性。     

服役飞机结构件腐蚀失效故障树分析及改进

对某出口用飞机铝合金结构件在热带海洋大气环境条件下服役时所发生的腐蚀失效问题,提出了采用故障树分析方法对引起飞机结构件腐蚀失效的各因素进行系统分析和探讨.根据结构件腐蚀失效过程及机理的分析,确定导致结构件腐蚀失效的各个因素,建立以结构件腐蚀失效为顶事件的故障树,通过布尔代数运算得到故障树的各阶最小割集.计算故障树顶事件的发生概率,并对底事件的概率重要度、相对概率重要度进行分析排序,找出引起铝合金结构件发生腐蚀失效的主要因素.分析结果表明飞机服役环境、阳极氧化工艺和选材是导致结构件腐蚀失效的主要因素.针对这些主要因素,提出了相应的改进防护措施.     

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在拖曳式诱饵的使用中,有两个问题必须考虑：一是诱饵释放时机;二是诱饵释放过程。首先对诱饵的释放时机进行论述,给出诱饵最佳释放时机;然后采用数学方法,建立诱饵释放过程模型,对其进行仿真,得到了较为准确的仿真结果。     

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数字基带转换器在VLBI系统中主要完成中频信号的基带转换和频段选择,文中采用频域抽取和邻信道合并技术设计一种VLBI数字基带转换器。采用该方法设计的转换器具有比较平坦的通带特性和较大的阻带衰减,能够方便地实现带宽的动态变化。文中对频域抽取进行理论推导论证,并根据邻信道合并的条件,详细说明了原型低通滤波器的设计方法,最后通过仿真验证了新方法的有效性。