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721.
对测定端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)羟值的乙酐—对甲苯磺酸法(酸催化AA法)进行了系统研究,在此基础上提出了两种改进方法,方法Ⅰ以甲苯—乙酸乙酯为反应介质,溶样、酯化同时进行;方法Ⅱ以甲苯预溶样品,然后再行酯化,改进后的方法仍保持原法快速、准确等特点、且扩大了其应用范围,前者适用于各种类型HTPB样品的羟值分析,后者可用于测定HTPB弹性体溶胶的羟值。 相似文献
722.
The issue whether acceleration and injection of electron beams is coherently modulated by a single quasi-periodic source, or whether the injection is driven by a stochastic process in time or (eventually fragmented) in space, is investigated by menas of a periodicity analysis of metric type III bursts.We analyze 260 continuous type III groups observed byIkarus (ETH Zurich) in the frequency range of 100–500 MHz during 359 solar flares with simultaneous 25 keV hard X-ray emission, in the years 1980–1983. Pulse periods have been measured between 0.5 and 10 s, and can be described by an exponential distribution, i.e.N(P) e
–P/1.0s. We measure the mean periodP and its standard deviation p in each type III group, and quantify the degree of periodicity by the dimensionless parameter p/P. The representative sample of 260 type III burst groups shows a mean periodicity of p/P=0.37±0.12, while Monte-Carlo simulations of an equivalent set of truly random time series show a distinctly different value of p/P=0.93±0.26. This result suggests that the injection of electron beams is periodically modulated by a particle acceleration source which is either compact or has a global organization on a time scale of seconds. 相似文献
723.
The electrical activity of the brain (EEG) has been recorded during parabolic flights in trained astronauts and non trained volunteers as well. The Fast Fourier analysis of the EEG activity evidenced more asymmetry between the two brain hemispheres in the subjects who suffered from motion sickness than in the others. However, such a FFT classification does not lead to a discrimination between deterministic and stochastic events. Therefore, a first attempt was made to calculate the dimensionality of "chaotic attractors" in the EEG patterns as a function of the different g-epochs of one parabola. Very preliminary results are given here. 相似文献
724.
A. O. Benz 《Space Science Reviews》1994,68(1-4):135-147
Energy release into coronal plasmas is observable in the forms of heating and acceleration. In flares and active stars, heating and acceleration have been found to be related as indicated by an approximately constant ratio of microwave (synchrotron) and soft X-ray (thermal) emission. The discovery suggests a flare-like heating process for the quiescent coronae of active stars.The energy release in solar flares involves several time scales: (i) The largest is the rate of homologous flares in an active region of the order of one per five hours. (ii) Hard X-ray andH emissions suggest a total flare duration of ten minutes, (iii) with individual episodes of contiguous acceleration of one minute. (iv) Elementary hard X-ray peaks have 5–10 s duration, corresponding to groups of beams observable as type III radio bursts. (v) The effective injection time of these beams is of the order 0.1 s. (vi) The smaller time scale is observed in narrowband radio spikes in the 0.2–8 GHz range with durations of a few times 0.01 s. 相似文献
725.
R Laurinavicius P Kenstaviciene O Rupainiene G Necitailo 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(8):87-96
For the study of gravity's role in the processes of plant cell differentiation in-vitro, a model "seed-seedling-callus" has been used. Experiments were carried out on board the orbital stations Salyut-7 and Mir as well as on clinostat. They lasted from 18 to 72 days. It was determined that the exclusion of a one-sided action of gravity vector by means of clinostat and spaceflight conditions does not impede the formation and growth of callus tissue; however, at cell and subcellular levels structural and functional changes do take place. No significant changes were observed either on clinostat or in space concerning the accumulation of fresh biomass, while the percentage of dry material in space is lower than in control. Both in microgravity (MG) and in control, even after 72 days of growth, cells with a normally developed ultrastructure are present. In space, however, callus tissue more often contains cells in which the cross-section area of a cell, a nuclei and of mitochondria are smaller and the vacuole area--bigger than in controls. In microgravity a considerable decrease in the number of starch-containing cells and a reduction in the mean area of starch grains in amyloplasts is observed. In space the amount of soluble proteins in callus tissue is 1.5 times greater than in control. However, no differences were observed in fractions when separated by the SDS-PAGE method. In microgravity the changes in cell wall material components was noted. In the space-formed callus changes in the concentration of ions K, Na, Mg, Ca and P were observed. However, the direction of these changes depends on the age of callus. Discussed are the possible reasons for modification of morphological and metabolic parameters of callus cells when grown under changed gravity conditions. 相似文献
726.
D. A. Gurnett W. S. Kurth D. L. Kirchner G. B. Hospodarsky T. F. Averkamp P. Zarka A. Lecacheux R. Manning A. Roux P. Canu N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin P. Galopeau A. Meyer R. Boström G. Gustafsson J.-E. Wahlund L. Åhlen H. O. Rucker H. P. Ladreiter W. Macher L. J. C. Woolliscroft H. Alleyne M. L. Kaiser M. D. Desch W. M. Farrell C. C. Harvey P. Louarn P. J. Kellogg K. Goetz A. Pedersen 《Space Science Reviews》2004,114(1-4):395-463
The Cassini radio and plasma wave investigation is designed to study radio emissions, plasma waves, thermal plasma, and dust in the vicinity of Saturn. Three nearly orthogonal electric field antennas are used to detect electric fields over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 16 MHz, and three orthogonal search coil magnetic antennas are used to detect magnetic fields over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 12 kHz. A Langmuir probe is used to measure the electron density and temperature. Signals from the electric and magnetic antennas are processed by five receiver systems: a high frequency receiver that covers the frequency range from 3.5 kHz to 16 MHz, a medium frequency receiver that covers the frequency range from 24 Hz to 12 kHz, a low frequency receiver that covers the frequency range from 1 Hz to 26 Hz, a five-channel waveform receiver that covers the frequency range from 1 Hz to 2.5 kHz in two bands, 1 Hz to 26 Hz and 3 Hz to 2.5 kHz, and a wideband receiver that has two frequency bands, 60 Hz to 10.5 kHz and 800 Hz to 75 kHz. In addition, a sounder transmitter can be used to stimulate plasma resonances over a frequency range from 3.6 kHz to 115.2 kHz. Fluxes of micron-sized dust particles can be counted and approximate masses of the dust particles can be determined using the same techniques as Voyager. Compared to Voyagers 1 and 2, which are the only spacecraft that have made radio and plasma wave measurements in the vicinity of Saturn, the Cassini radio and plasma wave instrument has several new capabilities. These include (1) greatly improved sensitivity and dynamic range, (2) the ability to perform direction-finding measurements of remotely generated radio emissions and wave normal measurements of plasma waves, (3) both active and passive measurements of plasma resonances in order to give precise measurements of the local electron density, and (4) Langmuir probe measurements of the local electron density and temperature. With these new capabilities, it will be possible to perform a broad range of studies of radio emissions, wave-particle interactions, thermal plasmas and dust in the vicinity of Saturn.DeceasedThis revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
727.
V.S Semenov O.A Drobysh M.F Heyn 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1997,19(12):1793-1796
We describe and analyse a model of three-dimensional time-varying reconnection in which the effect of surface waves is neglected. Reconnection is assumed to be caused by a localized decrease of the plasma conductivity inside the diffusion region. The localized dissipation gives rise to an electric field E*, which determines the reconnection rate. As a result, the current sheet decays into a system of large-amplitude MHD waves, which propagate along the current sheet and thereby induce perturbations in the surrounding medium. Our model is applied to the case of reconnection at the magnetopause, in particular to the signatures referred to as FTEs (flux transfer events). 相似文献
728.
The state of gravity sensors and peculiarities of plant growth during different gravitational loads. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A J Merkys R S Laurinavichius O J Rupainene E K Savichene A V Jaroshius D V Shvegzhdene D P Bendoraityte 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(9):211-219
In the primary roots of lettuce shoots grown under altered gravitational conditions--180 degrees inversion on the centrifuged clinostat, horizontal clinostat and in dynamic weightlessness--localization of the cellular organelles, cell morphology and peculiarities of growth have been studied. Significant changes took place in the localization of amyloplasts on the horizontal clinostat. The changes of amyloplast position in the cap cells on the horizontal clinostat and under weightlessness are similar. A change of the normal shoot position (180 degrees inversion and horizontal clinostat) causes an inhibition of growth. Weightlessness increases the length of axial organs and cells in the zone of elongation, but decreases the nitotic index in comparison to the centrifuged control. The anlysis of the formation of generative organs has been carried out for Arabidopsis plants grown on board the orbital station Salyut-6. The ability of plants to undergo vegetative growth and to pass through early phases of generative development under weightlessness was confirmed. 相似文献
729.
The ALTEA/ALTEINO projects: studying functional effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L Narici F Belli V Bidoli M Casolino M P De Pascale L Di Fino G Furano I Modena A Morselli P Picozza E Reali A Rinaldi D Ruggieri R Sparvoli V Zaconte W G Sannita S Carozzo S Licoccia P Romagnoli E Traversa V Cotronei M Vazquez J Miller V P Salnitskii O I Shevchenko V P Petrov K A Trukhanov A Galper A Khodarovich M G Korotkov A Popov N Vavilov S Avdeev M Boezio W Bonvicini A Vacchi N Zampa G Mazzenga M Ricci P Spillantini G Castellini R Vittori P Carlson C Fuglesang D Schardt 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2004,33(8):1352-1357
730.
无损检测和评价技术在固体火箭发动机研制中起着重要的作用,该文介绍了国外固体发动机无损检测和评价技术的新进展,论述了无损检测和评价技术是保证固体发动机质量和可靠性的关键技术之一,并预示了未来的发展趋势。 相似文献