一种新的自由涡尾迹计算方法

在使用自由涡理论进行旋翼气动计算时,尾迹几何结构的确定是计算旋翼气动载荷以及空间流场计算的关键。发展了一种新的自由涡尾迹结构计算方法,该方法能快速得到收敛的尾迹结构,能比较准确地计算桨叶载荷分布。算例与实验数据的比较验证了该方法的正确性。     

The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) Investigation

The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) investigation will determine the mass composition and number densities of neutral species and low-energy ions in key regions of the Saturn system. The primary focus of the INMS investigation is on the composition and structure of Titan’s upper atmosphere and its interaction with Saturn’s magnetospheric plasma. Of particular interest is the high-altitude region, between 900 and 1000 km, where the methane and nitrogen photochemistry is initiated that leads to the creation of complex hydrocarbons and nitriles that may eventually precipitate onto the moon’s surface to form hydrocarbon–nitrile lakes or oceans. The investigation is also focused on the neutral and plasma environments of Saturn’s ring system and icy moons and on the identification of positive ions and neutral species in Saturn’s inner magnetosphere. Measurement of material sputtered from the satellites and the rings by magnetospheric charged particle and micrometeorite bombardment is expected to provide information about the formation of the giant neutral cloud of water molecules and water products that surrounds Saturn out to a distance of ∼12 planetary radii and about the genesis and evolution of the rings.The INMS instrument consists of a closed ion source and an open ion source, various focusing lenses, an electrostatic quadrupole switching lens, a radio frequency quadrupole mass analyzer, two secondary electron multiplier detectors, and the associated supporting electronics and power supply systems. The INMS will be operated in three different modes: a closed source neutral mode, for the measurement of non-reactive neutrals such as N₂ and CH₄; an open source neutral mode, for reactive neutrals such as atomic nitrogen; and an open source ion mode, for positive ions with energies less than 100 eV. Instrument sensitivity is greatest in the first mode, because the ram pressure of the inflowing gas can be used to enhance the density of the sampled non-reactive neutrals in the closed source antechamber. In this mode, neutral species with concentrations on the order of ≥10⁴ cm⁻³ will be detected (compared with ≥10⁵ cm⁻³ in the open source neutral mode). For ions the detection threshold is on the order of 10⁻² cm⁻³ at Titan relative velocity (6 km sec⁻¹). The INMS instrument has a mass range of 1–99 Daltons and a mass resolutionM/ΔM of 100 at 10% of the mass peak height, which will allow detection of heavier hydrocarbon species and of possible cyclic hydrocarbons such as C₆H₆.The INMS instrument was built by a team of engineers and scientists working at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (Planetary Atmospheres Laboratory) and the University of Michigan (Space Physics Research Laboratory). INMS development and fabrication were directed by Dr. Hasso B. Niemann (Goddard Space Flight Center). The instrument is operated by a Science Team, which is also responsible for data analysis and distribution. The INMS Science Team is led by Dr. J. Hunter Waite, Jr. (University of Michigan).This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

GTEM传输室特性阻抗的三维有限元分析

采用有限元法对GTEM传输室的特性阻抗进行了三维分析.沿球面波的方向截取GTEM传输室的一段作为计算模型,通过分段多角度计算,求出芯板的最佳张角.考虑芯板厚度对阻抗的影响给出了芯板优化方案.在有限元分析软件ANSYS下开发了计算特性阻抗的用户模块,提高了设计效率.由于本文提出的计算方法能更好地逼近场分布的真实情况,因而具有较高的计算精度.     

倒置式磁流变抛光装置的设计与研究

针对大尺寸工件的抛光加工特点,设计了倒置式的磁流变抛光装置。详细阐述了符合磁流变抛光要求的磁场发生装置的设计原理,并对抛光区域磁场进行了理论分析、软件仿真和优化。     

带机体状态反馈的直升机地面共振分析

建立了带机体状态反馈的直升机旋翼/机体耦合动稳定性分析模型,研究了机体反馈系数对直升机地面共振的影响。根据Floquet理论采用传递矩阵法计算了系统的模态频率及模态阻尼,并用非线性模型的数值仿真进行了验证。结果表明,机体滚转角位移和角速度反馈能有效地提高摆振后退型模态阻尼;但当机体滚转姿态角反馈系数过大时,以挥舞后退型模态为主的旋翼挥舞与机体运动之间相互作用,导致直升机出现动不稳定性。     

基于1-DISVM的聚类模型及直升机齿轮箱故障诊断应用

针对当前故障诊断中存在的训练样本少、知识难获取的问题,结合SVM小样本学习的特点,提出一种基于SVM的自学习聚类模型。通过改进无监督1-SVM算法上的不足,形成一种改进决策1-SVM(1-DISVM)算法,由此构建了多模式训练与分类算法,并设计出基于1-DISVM的自学习聚类模型。最后对其进行仿真验证,并应用于直升机齿轮箱的故障诊断,结果表明该方法能从少量样本中自学习输入模式的内在规律,自适应地对未知故障模式进行准确地分类识别。     

上游转子对下游静子叶片气动力的影响

为了研究轴流压气机上游转子对下游静子干扰产生的叶片非定常气动力的大小和频率的变化规律,采用在静子叶片表面埋设微型动态压力传感器的方法,在一台低速单级轴流压气机实验器上进行了静子叶片表面压力的测量。测量覆盖了不同轴向间距、不同转速下从近堵塞到近失速的宽广范围,并对实验测量得到的静子叶片非定常气动力进行离散傅里叶变换,以分析其频谱特性。通过对实验结果的分析,初步认识了流量、轴向间距及转速等因素对轴流压气机转/静干扰影响的规律。     

基于非精确计算的空间探测相控阵雷达任务规划算法

针对空间探测相控阵雷达系统,提出了一种新的基于非精确计算模型的观测任务规划算法。首先,建立了目标观测的实时任务模型,并分析了观测任务所占用传感器的资源;其次,基于非精确计算模型,提出一种多任务并行的实时容错调度算法来解决观测任务规划问题,该算法综合考虑相控阵雷达的搜索任务与跟踪任务,来进行系统资源的分配。对于跟踪任务,算法结合目标的过境时间以及当前系统的负载情况,以此来确定雷达对该目标的观测时间段;最后给出了算法的评估方法。利用2886个低轨空间目标进行仿真验证,结果表明,基于非精确计算模型的任务规划算法,可显著提高系统调度成功率以及时间资源利用率．比传统方法更稳健。     

转子叶片表面非定常气动力的构成及叠加分析

数值模拟了一个带有导叶的单级低速压气机中转子叶片表面的非定常气动力.通过研究转子叶片根部、尖部前缘和尾缘局部位置的非定常气动力,阐明了由尾迹和势扰动两种非定常性诱发的气动力在转子叶片表面的叠加特性.结果表明,上游尾迹的影响波及整个转子叶片弦长范围,而下游静子叶片势扰动仅影响转子叶片尾缘附近的脉动压力,改变上、下游叶片的时序位置,当整个转子叶片表面脉动压力的幅值比最大值减小19.4%时,其叶尖前缘脉动压力的幅值仅比最大值减小9.4%.      

固液发动机固体燃料瞬态退移速率

为了研究固液混合火箭发动机中固体燃料退移速率在发动机工作过程中的变化特性,基于固液混合火箭发动机的工作特点,利用燃烧流动与固体区域传热耦合计算以及动网格技术,建立了固液混合火箭发动机固体燃料瞬态退移速率预示的数值模型,并对某带预燃室、补燃室以及扰流环结构的模型发动机进行了研究。计算结果表明,固体燃料热解表面的温度以及退移速率随着发动机的工作逐渐降低;在同一时刻沿发动机轴线燃料热解表面上各点的退移速率以及温度不同;扰流环可以提高它后面局部区域固体燃料的退移速率以及表面温度。