Electrolytic Passivation of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in Different Electrolytes

The corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy was studied in various corrosion media of different Cl–ion concentrations. The results demonstrate that the Cl–ion concentration has significant influences on the corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, protective films were generated on the surface of the nitinol alloy by means of the electrochemical passivation method, for which five different electrolytic solutions were investigated. The surface analysis indicates full growth of all samples pas-sivated in the different electrolytic solutions with layers, however, showing different morphological features. Without any defects like micro-cracks and pores, the surface of the samples passivated in the molybdate solution turns out smoother and denser than those pas-sivated in other solutions. It is shown that the electro-chemical passivation will reduce Ni content but increase Ti content in the surface, reaching the Mole ratio of Ti:Ni=9.01:1 on the outermost surface. Potentiodynamic polarization test demonstrates that the samples electrochemically passivated in the molybdate solution present a significant increase in breakdown potential due to titanium enrichment on the outermost surface.     

解耦N-S/DSMC方法计算推力器真空羽流的边界条件研究

准确模拟羽流流场是合理评估空间推力器真空羽流效应的基础。因羽流流场同时包含连续和稀薄两种流动机理,通常采用解耦方式的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程和直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)混合方法对其进行模拟。为保证解耦N-S/DSMC方法应用于羽流计算时的准确性并尽量提高其计算效率,对计算中的DSMC入口和喷管壁面等边界条件设置问题开展了研究。通过与文献中低总压工况的羽流试验数据比较,确定了合理设置DSMC入口边界位置、壁面反射类型、壁温等边界条件的方法。针对将此方法应用于实际推力器工况计算时效率过低的问题,通过多种数值试验,表明从喷管出口处开始沿KnGL为0.05的等值线作为DSMC入口界面可同时保证仿真精度和较高的计算效率;并证明实际工况下壁温设置对羽流场仿真结果影响不大。     

Investigation on Thermal and Dimensional Stability of Epoxy Resin In-Situ Modified by Cyanate Ester Resin and Polydimethylsiloxane

The thermal and dimensional stability of epoxy resin (EP) in-situ modified by cyanate ester (CE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are investigated by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) are used to analyze the heat resistance of the modified EP. The dimensional stability is characterized by the volume shrinkage of the series PDMS/CE/EP obtained by the density method. The chemical structure of the PDMS/CE/EP is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of TGA and DSC indicate that the thermal stability of PDMS/CE/EP decreases firstly and then increases with the increase in the amount of CE. The addition of PDMS shows a slight effect on the thermal stability. The 40% CE makes the blending system exhibit the lowest initial decomposition temperature, which reduces by 15.5% and 40.8% compared with pure EP and CE, respectively. The FTIR results suggested that the influence of CE on the thermal stability of the modified EP is mainly ascribed to the generation of oxazolidinone ring with low thermal stability and the increase in the triazine ring with high thermal stability. The volume shrinkage measurement results show that the introduction of CE and PDMS are both beneficial to the improvement of the dimensional stability of the blending systems. The in-situ addition of 80% CE shows the lowest volume shrinkage of 6.11%. The thermal stress distribution of PDMS/CE/EP generated during the solidification process is simulated by the finite element analysis. The results suggested that the introduction of 80% CE into EP results in the lowest thermal stress in the blending system, which indicates that the system has the lowest volume shrinkage, which agrees well with the experimental results.     

基于离散误差扩张系统的舰载机着舰最优控制

舰载机着舰对控制系统的响应能力、鲁棒性能等要求很高。已有文献未考虑着舰控制的离散采样等问题,而实际上离散采样对系统的控制性能影响较大。本文对离散线性系统进行了误差状态量的扩张,建立误差系统,并用于离散采样下的着舰最优控制器设计。仿真结果显示,系统在初始高度偏差纠正、舰尾流抑制、抗模型摄动等方面的控制效果很好,并且其稳态精度、动态特性和鲁棒性能都远强于PID控制。着舰反区效应和升降舵直接力效应,会各自让舰载机动力学有2个非最小相位零点,最优控制方法能消除这2个零点,而PID控制只能消除前一个零点。     

基于惯性补偿的三分量测力天平瞬态特性的研究

高超声速一体化试验模型在脉冲燃烧风洞中进行测力试验时,模型振动导致天平无法准确测量模型所受到的气动力载荷。为研究脉冲风洞瞬态测力问题,采用了以下方法:根据测力天平的结构特点建立了动力学方程;对其进行了虚拟标定和模态分析;对测力天平进行了瞬态分析并对输出结果进行了惯性补偿。结果表明,单分量阶跃载荷加载时,补偿后输出结果超调量大大下降,振动衰减时间缩短,俯仰力矩会对轴向力输出产生干扰,且三分量阶跃载荷加载时,干扰降低,各分量的超调量分别为162.6N,574.4N和38N·m;单分量正弦加载时,加载分量上输入输出基本一致,俯仰力矩对轴向力的干扰作用仍然存在,3分量正弦载荷加载时,输入输出结果具有相同的周期特性,俯仰力矩结果与输入结果一致,轴向和法向输入输出间存在一定偏差,3分量的超调量分别为24.1N,375.7N和70.8N·m。     

微射流技术的原理及其应用

介绍了微射流技术的原理及其初步应用。基于非线性系统的演化对初始条件具有敏感依赖这个事实发展起来的微射流技术，由于与常规持续喷射射流控制方式相比具有许多优点，因而在流动和换热控制应用方面取得明显的效果。并指出，随着研究工作的深入，该项技术还可望用于高马赫数飞行体表面气体流动控制、火箭发动机推力方向控制等。     

数据库管理系统VFP的教学改革

本文分析了高校VFP教学中存在的问题,从教学思想、教学方法、教学手段等方面对数据库管理系统VFP的教学改革做了初步探讨,提出了改革的有效措施,对教学中出现的问题给出了解决方法。     

应用联合变换相关器的成像制导系统

提出了一种光电混合的成像制导系统，它采用光学联合变换相关器作为其主要的图像识别单元，利用计算机对识别结果进行判决和显示，并发出跟踪信号给导引头，从而实现制导。联合变换相关器是对光学图像信号进行并行处理的器件，实时识别性能强，精度高。此成像制导系统克服了传统的红外制导系统易受外界因素影响，实时处理能力差，误判率较高的缺点，具有并行处理速度快、信息吞吐量大、体积小等优点，应用前景广阔。     

相对位置和姿态动力学耦合航天器的自抗扰控制器设计

慢旋非合作目标在轨服务任务中,在轨服务航天器不仅需要悬停在目标自旋轴上方保持相对位置不变,而且需要与非合作目标同步慢旋保持姿态一致。此时需要保持的相对位置在目标本体坐标系中为常量,在目标本体坐标系下建立相对位置动力学模型,使相对位置控制系统成为调节系统。然后,建立基于相对姿态四元数的姿态动力学模型,并给出推力偏心力矩的数学描述。基于扩展状态观测器、过渡过程安排技术和非线性反馈控制技术,设计姿态和轨道耦合系统的自抗扰控制器。仿真结果表明自抗扰控制器在解决存在非线性和耦合特性的相对位置和姿态耦合系统的控制问题上能够取得理想的控制效果,具有较高的控制精度和较快的系统响应。     

复合材料格栅结构的强度分析(英文)

复合材料格栅结构是由连续纤维缠绕的斜向及环向肋和蒙皮组成的结构。对ANSYS软件进行了二次开发,分别采用层合板和层合梁单元模拟复合材料格栅结构的蒙皮和肋。根据复合材料格栅结构的几何特征及其载荷分布特征,采用周期对称有限元模型,分别以最大应力准则、最大应变准则和蔡-吴准则和Chang刚度退化准则对轴压载荷作用下的复合材料格栅结构破坏过程进行了强度预测,计算结果表明采用蔡-吴准则预测并结合Chang刚度退化准则的计算结果与试验结果的一致性较好。