四级固体运载火箭弹道设计及运载能力分析

固体运载火箭作为我国航天运输系统的重要组成部分,具有整箭贮存、海陆通用、快速响应的特点,在军民商发射领域受到了广泛青睐。针对我国固体火箭运载能力在2～3 t(500 km太阳同步轨道)区间上存在“缺位”的现实,首先给出了一款运载能力约3 t的四级全固体运载火箭构型。随后建立了固体运载火箭三自由度弹道计算和优化模型,通过仿真手段分析了其典型弹道曲线特点,以及推重比、各级结构质量、末级装药量对运载能力的影响规律,为未来固体火箭的总体方案论证提供参考依据。     

Electrolytic Passivation of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in Different Electrolytes

The corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy was studied in various corrosion media of different Cl–ion concentrations. The results demonstrate that the Cl–ion concentration has significant influences on the corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, protective films were generated on the surface of the nitinol alloy by means of the electrochemical passivation method, for which five different electrolytic solutions were investigated. The surface analysis indicates full growth of all samples pas-sivated in the different electrolytic solutions with layers, however, showing different morphological features. Without any defects like micro-cracks and pores, the surface of the samples passivated in the molybdate solution turns out smoother and denser than those pas-sivated in other solutions. It is shown that the electro-chemical passivation will reduce Ni content but increase Ti content in the surface, reaching the Mole ratio of Ti:Ni=9.01:1 on the outermost surface. Potentiodynamic polarization test demonstrates that the samples electrochemically passivated in the molybdate solution present a significant increase in breakdown potential due to titanium enrichment on the outermost surface.     

解耦N-S/DSMC方法计算推力器真空羽流的边界条件研究

准确模拟羽流流场是合理评估空间推力器真空羽流效应的基础。因羽流流场同时包含连续和稀薄两种流动机理,通常采用解耦方式的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程和直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)混合方法对其进行模拟。为保证解耦N-S/DSMC方法应用于羽流计算时的准确性并尽量提高其计算效率,对计算中的DSMC入口和喷管壁面等边界条件设置问题开展了研究。通过与文献中低总压工况的羽流试验数据比较,确定了合理设置DSMC入口边界位置、壁面反射类型、壁温等边界条件的方法。针对将此方法应用于实际推力器工况计算时效率过低的问题,通过多种数值试验,表明从喷管出口处开始沿KnGL为0.05的等值线作为DSMC入口界面可同时保证仿真精度和较高的计算效率;并证明实际工况下壁温设置对羽流场仿真结果影响不大。     

基于频域分析的ROSAR成像算法

在现有的ROSAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar with Rotating antennas)成像算法中,基于斜距泰勒级数展开的算法存在方位向失配问题,时域相关卷积算法不能快速校正距离弯曲.频域ROSAR成像算法采用驻相点原理,直接对ROSAR回波信号进行二维频域变换,保留回波信号的频谱特征,进而构造相应的频域去耦函数和频域匹配函数,实现频域距离弯曲校正和目标场景重构.仿真结果表明,该算法能够快速校正距离弯曲及有效克服方位向失配问题.     

Investigation on Thermal and Dimensional Stability of Epoxy Resin In-Situ Modified by Cyanate Ester Resin and Polydimethylsiloxane

The thermal and dimensional stability of epoxy resin (EP) in-situ modified by cyanate ester (CE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are investigated by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) are used to analyze the heat resistance of the modified EP. The dimensional stability is characterized by the volume shrinkage of the series PDMS/CE/EP obtained by the density method. The chemical structure of the PDMS/CE/EP is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of TGA and DSC indicate that the thermal stability of PDMS/CE/EP decreases firstly and then increases with the increase in the amount of CE. The addition of PDMS shows a slight effect on the thermal stability. The 40% CE makes the blending system exhibit the lowest initial decomposition temperature, which reduces by 15.5% and 40.8% compared with pure EP and CE, respectively. The FTIR results suggested that the influence of CE on the thermal stability of the modified EP is mainly ascribed to the generation of oxazolidinone ring with low thermal stability and the increase in the triazine ring with high thermal stability. The volume shrinkage measurement results show that the introduction of CE and PDMS are both beneficial to the improvement of the dimensional stability of the blending systems. The in-situ addition of 80% CE shows the lowest volume shrinkage of 6.11%. The thermal stress distribution of PDMS/CE/EP generated during the solidification process is simulated by the finite element analysis. The results suggested that the introduction of 80% CE into EP results in the lowest thermal stress in the blending system, which indicates that the system has the lowest volume shrinkage, which agrees well with the experimental results.     

基于离散误差扩张系统的舰载机着舰最优控制

舰载机着舰对控制系统的响应能力、鲁棒性能等要求很高。已有文献未考虑着舰控制的离散采样等问题,而实际上离散采样对系统的控制性能影响较大。本文对离散线性系统进行了误差状态量的扩张,建立误差系统,并用于离散采样下的着舰最优控制器设计。仿真结果显示,系统在初始高度偏差纠正、舰尾流抑制、抗模型摄动等方面的控制效果很好,并且其稳态精度、动态特性和鲁棒性能都远强于PID控制。着舰反区效应和升降舵直接力效应,会各自让舰载机动力学有2个非最小相位零点,最优控制方法能消除这2个零点,而PID控制只能消除前一个零点。     

基于惯性补偿的三分量测力天平瞬态特性的研究

高超声速一体化试验模型在脉冲燃烧风洞中进行测力试验时,模型振动导致天平无法准确测量模型所受到的气动力载荷。为研究脉冲风洞瞬态测力问题,采用了以下方法:根据测力天平的结构特点建立了动力学方程;对其进行了虚拟标定和模态分析;对测力天平进行了瞬态分析并对输出结果进行了惯性补偿。结果表明,单分量阶跃载荷加载时,补偿后输出结果超调量大大下降,振动衰减时间缩短,俯仰力矩会对轴向力输出产生干扰,且三分量阶跃载荷加载时,干扰降低,各分量的超调量分别为162.6N,574.4N和38N·m;单分量正弦加载时,加载分量上输入输出基本一致,俯仰力矩对轴向力的干扰作用仍然存在,3分量正弦载荷加载时,输入输出结果具有相同的周期特性,俯仰力矩结果与输入结果一致,轴向和法向输入输出间存在一定偏差,3分量的超调量分别为24.1N,375.7N和70.8N·m。     

微射流技术的原理及其应用

介绍了微射流技术的原理及其初步应用。基于非线性系统的演化对初始条件具有敏感依赖这个事实发展起来的微射流技术，由于与常规持续喷射射流控制方式相比具有许多优点，因而在流动和换热控制应用方面取得明显的效果。并指出，随着研究工作的深入，该项技术还可望用于高马赫数飞行体表面气体流动控制、火箭发动机推力方向控制等。     

导引头量测故障下的增量式三维制导律设计

考虑导引头量测故障下拦截机动目标的末制导问题,以提高制导系统的鲁棒性、降低制导增益、减小系统残差、避免视线角速率剧烈振荡/发散为目的,基于增量式控制方法设计了一种具有鲁棒增强特性的三维末制导律。首先,将末制导问题转化为零化视线角速率的控制问题。其次,通过弹目相对距离及视线角速率定义辅助变量,给出传统的滑模制导律作为设计参考。然后,基于增量式非线性动态逆滑模控制方法,充分挖掘视线角加速度估计信息及上一采样时刻的制导指令,得到增量式三维鲁棒制导律。最后,在目标机动及导引头量测故障下,分析并比较了两种制导律所产生的系统残差。理论分析及多工况仿真结果表明,增量式制导律不仅对目标机动及大范围失效的导引头量测故障具有强鲁棒性,而且所需制导增益也较小,同时避免了末端视线角速率严重发散的问题     

论科学与伦理学的相互影响 --关于伦理学的"科学化"与科学的"伦理学化"趋势问题

现代社会是一个科学技术具有绝对权威的世界,在这一世界中,一方面科技发展对伦理学提出了挑战,扩展了伦理学的范围和内容,另一方面,伦理学的基础与方法面临着“科学”的合法性诉求。已有的研究大都局限于外在的关系,论文通过对这种悖论与互动的探讨,揭示了伦理学“科学化”和科学“伦理学化”的趋势,将科学与伦理学关系的研究进一步深入化。