Fault Estimation and Accommodation for a Class of Nonlinear System Based on Neural Network Observer

The problem of fault estimation and accommodation of nonlinear systems with disturbances is studied using adaptive observer and neural network techniques.A robust adaptive learning algorithm based on switchingβsmodification is developed to realize the accurate and fast estimation of unknown actuator faults or component faults.Then a fault tolerant controller is designed to restore system performance.Dynamic error convergence and system stability can be guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,simulation results of quadrotor helicopter attitude systems are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed techniques.     

LENS风洞试验返回器模型气动热特性模拟

国家数值风洞高超声速流动模拟软件HyFLOW的研制对打破国外同类软件的技术壁垒具有重要意义。与国外DPLR软件进行了对比研究，同时系统介绍了HyFLOW软件求解器的数值方法、物理化学模型以及壁面催化特性计算模型等主要方法，采用典型算例对有限催化模型进行了数值验证，最后基于LENS风洞试验146 mm返回器标模外形开展了高超声速气动热特性数值模拟。研究结果表明，HyFLOW软件在高超声速热化学非平衡流动模拟与评估方面的气动力计算精度高，与国外同类软件DPLR相当，同时其壁面催化条件下的气动热计算精度可靠，可信度高。     

A surface parametric control and global optimization method for axial flow compressor blades

An aerodynamic optimization method for axial flow compressor blades available for engineering is developed in this paper. Bezier surface is adopted as parameterization method to control the suction surface of the blades, which brings the following advantages:(A) significantly reducing design variables;(B) easy to ensure the mechanical strength of rotating blades;(C) better physical understanding;(D) easy to achieve smooth surface. The Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm, which significantly increases the convergence speed and global optimization ability, is adopted to find the optimal result. A new engineering optimization tool is constructed by combining the surface parametric control method, the IABC algorithm, with a verified Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation method, and it has been successfully applied in the aerodynamic optimization for a single-row transonic rotor(Rotor 37) and a single-stage transonic axialflow compressor(Stage 35). With the constraint that the relative change in the flow rate is less than0.5% and the total pressure ratio does not decrease, within the acceptable time in engineering, the adiabatic efficiency of Rotor 37 at design point increases by 1.02%, while its surge margin 0.84%,and the adiabatic efficiency of Stage 35 0.54%, while its surge margin 1.11% after optimization, to verify the effectiveness and potential in engineering of this new tool for optimization of axial compressor blade.     

任务型教学法的任务设计

任务型教学法是新兴的一种强调“在做中学”(learning by doing)的语言教学方法，是我国外语课程教学改革的一个走向，吸收了以往多种教学法的优点而形成。任务是任务型教学法中一个重要概念。要使任务型教学法更好地发挥作用，任务的设计就显得尤为重要。在任务设计中，要注意任务与人本主义、任务与文化性、任务与教师角色之...     

Particle swarm optimization applied to hypersonic reentry trajectories

This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization(PSO)to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation.The velocitydependent bank angle profile is developed to reduce the search space of unknown parameters based on the constrained PSO algorithm.The path constraints are enforced by setting the fitness function to be infinite on condition that the particles violate the maximum allowable values.The PSO algorithm also provides a much easier means to satisfy the terminal conditions by adding penalty terms to the fitness function.Furthermore,the approximate reentry landing footprint is fast constructed by incorporating an interpolation model into the standardized bank angle profiles.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the PSO method is a feasible and flexible tool to generate the end-to-end trajectory and landing footprint for hypersonic reentry vehicles.     

翼吊发动机安装结构等效建模及其隔振设计

为了研究翼吊发动机安装结构隔振特性并优化其隔振器设计,建立了发动机安装节-吊架-机翼结构理论分析及有限元模型.利用有限元方法进行了模态验证并分析了安装结构的隔振特性.进行发动机3种典型工况下的结构动响应分析确定了振动传递的主路径.基于振动传递路径法研究了隔振器参数和安装位置对安装系统隔振性能的影响规律.结果表明:振动载荷经安装结构后低压转子转频和高压转子转频峰值响应分别降低22.03%和14.65%.低压转子转频振动传递主路径为发动机-前安装节-吊架-机翼,高压转子转频为发动机-后安装节-上连杆-机翼.通过合理设置隔振器位置可以使安装系统隔振率达到50.41%,隔振器的频率比为5和阻尼比为0.25时安装系统隔振率可达70.67%.为了优化整个发动机安装系统的隔振效果,设计隔振器时必须选取合适的安装位置和参数.      

气相化学反应与声学振荡的耦合机理数值研究

通过数值仿真方法针对液体火箭发动机内的气相化学动力学与振荡声场的热声耦合机理进行了研究。采用任意拉格朗日算法解耦流动与化学源项间的刚性。采用的多步总包反应机理考虑了底层的准稳态组分脉动。通过入口流量边界的流量脉动向燃烧室中引入纵向声波,并建立了冷流声学相似场模型以分析热声耦合效应的强度。研究发现:在线性小振幅声场中,气相化学动力学控制的释热系统与声学振荡无明显耦合激励;在非线性有限幅值声场中,燃烧室压力与释热波动出现“突跃”并表现为陡峭前沿波,气相化学动力学控制的释热系统与声学振荡发生耦合激励,反应流较其冷流声学相似场的压力振荡振幅增强约300%。最后分析了耦合激励发生的可能原因,提出了气相化学动力学体系的“释热分岔”假说。     

基于蒸发式值班稳焰的涡轮基组合燃烧室燃烧性能研究

对涡轮基组合循环发动机(Turbine based combined cycle,TBCC)组合燃烧室进行了试验研究。研究首先设计了组合燃烧室模型及相关的试验系统,并在此基础上开展了不同工作模式下,进口速度系数、温度和油气比对燃烧室燃烧性能影响的试验研究。研究结果表明:随着外涵进口速度系数(λ=0.25~0.40)的增加,点火总油气比、贫油熄火总油气比均增加,燃烧效率提高;随着外涵进口温度(343~473K)的增加,点火总油气比和贫油熄火总油气比减小,燃烧效率提高;随内涵进口速度系数的增加,燃烧效率提高。试验中获得最小点火总油气比为0.0045,最小贫油熄火总油气比为0.002。     

导风轮叶片偏置对高压比串列离心压气机性能的影响

为提升高压比串列离心压气机的性能,借鉴常规一体化离心叶轮中偏置分流叶片的方法,针对某高压比串列离心压气机,应用数值仿真手段分析了串列叶轮中导风轮叶片周向偏置对压气机流场和性能的影响。通过对不同导风轮叶片偏置方案下压气机流场的分析,建立了压气机流动损失与偏置参数的关联性。研究表明:采用较大的偏置参数γ可降低导风轮叶片1前缘的激波强度,改善激波作用导致的泄漏涡破碎和流动分离,但过大或过小的γ方案中导风轮叶顶会出现二次泄漏致使低能流体的掺混损失增加;γ=65%方案压气机综合性能最佳,其压比和效率较γ=50%分别提高了1.5%和1.4%;对于串列离心压气机导风轮叶片周向位置的优化,在避免导风轮叶顶形成较强二次泄漏的前提下,应考虑采用较大的偏置参数γ,同时应防止诱导轮尾迹流体参与导风轮的叶顶泄漏。     

战斗机嵌入式训练系统中的智能虚拟陪练

智能化"实虚"对抗是现代先进战斗机嵌入式训练系统的重要功能需求。自主空战决策控制技术在未来空战装备发展中扮演关键角色。将当前的功能需求和发展中的技术结合起来,得到了空战智能虚拟陪练的概念。先进控制决策技术的引入使得智能虚拟陪练能够帮助飞行员完成复杂的战术训练,而训练中真实的对抗场景为技术的验证提供了理想的环境,大量的训练数据为技术的持续迭代优化提供了保障。作为可学习和进化的空战战术专家,智能陪练在人机对抗和自我对抗中不断优化,当其具备与人相当甚至超越人的战术能力时,可应用于未来的无人空战系统。智能虚拟陪练需要具备4项基本能力：智能决策能力、知识学习能力、对抗自优化能力和参数化表示能力。对其包含的关键技术进行了分析,提出并实现了一个基于模糊推理、神经网络和强化学习的解决方案,展示了其各项基本能力及目前达到的空战水平。未来更多的模型和算法可在智能虚拟陪练的框架中进行验证和优化。