Design and analysis of a regulated peak-power tracking system

A regulated peak-power tracking (RPPT) system for space power application is proposed. Large-signal stability analysis is provided to understand the main four different modes of operations of the system, as well as the mode transitions. A simple and effective control scheme for the system is also proposed. Small-signal analysis is performed thereafter to provide design optimization, and the predictions are verified by computer simulations     

Advanced materials for next generation NiMH portable, HEV and EVbatteries

While Ovonic NiMH batteries are already in high volume commercial production for portable applications, advances in materials technology have enabled performance improvements in specific energy (100 Wh/kg), specific power (600-1000 W/kg), high temperature operation, charge retention, and voltage stability. Concurrent with technology advances, Ovonic NiMH batteries have established performance and commercial milestones in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, as well as scooter, motorcycle and bicycle applications. As important as these advances, significant manufacturing cost reductions have also occurred which allow continued growth of NiMH technology. In this paper, advances in performance, applications and cost reduction are discussed with particular emphasis on the improved proprietary metal hydride and nickel hydroxide materials that make such advances possible     

Sensor alignment with Earth-centered Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinatesystem

In this work, we formulate the multiple sensor alignment problem in an Earth-centered Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate system. The alignment algorithm maps the sensor measurements to the ECEF coordinates using a geodetic transformation, and attributes the discrepancies in the Earth-referenced system reported by each sensor to the sensor biases. Sensor biases are then estimated using the least squares (LS) technique. Simulated and real-life radar data are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Comparisons are made to those algorithms based on the standard stereographic projection     

A Nominator-Selector Two-Stage Signal Detection Scheme

A two-stage approach to computationally efficient signal detection is to nominate candidate signal vectors using a suboptimal, but computationally cheap, detection scheme, and subsequently perform optimal detection on the candidates. Bounds on the detection performance of this approach are presented along with sufficient conditions for optimality. Examples are presented of an optimal and nearly optimal two-stage detection scheme where computational costs are drastically reduced relative to the singli-stage optimal detector.     

Microprocessor-Controlled Digital Shunt Regulator

A new approach to the design of power systems is presented in which a microprocessor is used as a controller for a digital shunt regulator (DSR). This approach meets the demands of future space and ground missions, i. e., high efficiency, high reliability, low weight, low volume, increased flexibility, and less development time. This approach responds to future demands by permitting realtime modification of system parameters for system optimization. This feature is especially important in the event of an anomaly. As the microprocessor need not be dedicated to the DSR, it can simultaneously be used for battery management and for charge regulator/discharge regulator control. This approach also reduces the component count, simplifies assembly and testing of the unit, results in significant time saving, and increases the reliability.     

Development of 1000-mHz Distance Measuring Equipment

The major radio aids to air navigation are listed. Underlined are those whose signal format is standardized by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and they have now all been the subject of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society Pioneer Award, as follows: airborne direction finder/nondirectional beacon (ADF/NDB), Busignies and Moseley, 1959; VHF omnidirectional range (VOR), Stuart, 1962; instrument landing system (ILS), Kramar 1964, Alford 1965; air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS), Williams, Bowden, and Harris, 1973; distance measuring equipment (DME), Dodington, 1980. A brief history of the development of the distance measuring equipment, which also formed the basis for an IEEE National Aerospace Electronics Conference luncheon address, is given.     

The Electron Beam Instrument (F6) on Freja

The Electron Beam Instrument (F6) onFreja is the first attempt to apply the electron drift technique in a region of large ambient magnetic fields. The paper describes the operational principles, the technical realization, and the difficulties encountered in the derivation of the electric fields.     

3D nonlinear wave heating of coronal loops

The heating of solar coronal loops by the resonant absorption or phase-mixing of incident wave energy is investigated in the framework of 3D nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) by means of numerical simulations.     

Dissipation of magnetic fields in active galactic nuclei

A model for the emission processes causing rapid variability (less than one day) in active galactic nuclei is developed. Relativistic electron beams escape from reconnection sheets in coronae of accretion disks and excite plasma turbulence with a typical frequency , which depends on the electron number densityn (see also the contribution by R. van Oss). The finite lengths of different beams emerging from different reconnection sheets allows that the waves arecoherently scattered to frequencies ²_pe. For Lorentz factors 10³ and densities typical for disk coronaen10⁶ cm ^–3 (derived from iron line observations) one easily reaches the optical, frequency range. The time scale of the variability is then caused by the relaxation of the electron beams. Likewise, this model explains the very rapid variability in the X-ray (less than 10 minutes) by changing the parameters slightly. According to this scenario the higher the variable frequency is, the closer to the central black hole it should originate.