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741.
Tanaka H. Shinozuka T. Nakamura K. Koike K. Kuroiwa H. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1980,(5):567-580
The weather radar system used in conjunction with Earth-satellite propagation experiments for quantifying rainfall rate in a unit volume, determined by the beamwidth and the pulselength, is described. Firstly, methods for deriving rainfall rate per unit volume are stated in detail with special emphasis on calibration to determine unknown parameters associated with propagation losses in waveguides and the atmosphere. The calibration method is somewhat different from a conventional one but is useful for routine observation. Secondly, in addition to a simple explanation of the hardware of this radar system, the data modes, developed for measuring rainfall rate along the propagation path and radar reflectivity factor in the horizontal and vertical cross sections around the station are described. These data modes are effectively combined by the operational scanning modes for routine observation of propagation experiments, while each data mode can also be operated independently. Examples obtained by each data mode are also given. 相似文献
742.
H. Balsiger K. Altwegg P. Bochsler P. Eberhardt J. Fischer S. Graf A. Jäckel E. Kopp U. Langer M. Mildner J. Müller T. Riesen M. Rubin S. Scherer P. Wurz S. Wüthrich E. Arijs S. Delanoye J. De Keyser E. Neefs D. Nevejans H. Rème C. Aoustin C. Mazelle J.-L. Médale J. A. Sauvaud J.-J. Berthelier J.-L. Bertaux L. Duvet J.-M. Illiano S. A. Fuselier A. G. Ghielmetti T. Magoncelli E. G. Shelley A. Korth K. Heerlein H. Lauche S. Livi A. Loose U. Mall B. Wilken F. Gliem B. Fiethe T. I. Gombosi B. Block G. R. Carignan L. A. Fisk J. H. Waite D. T. Young H. Wollnik 《Space Science Reviews》2007,128(1-4):745-801
The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission’s
main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is
a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula.
To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet’s activity, ROSINA has unprecedented
capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N2 and 13C from 12CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature.
ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor.
To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture
allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis
of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns
in our electron bombardment ion sources. 相似文献
743.
Kimura S. Takeuchi M. Harima K. Fukase Y. Sato H. Yoshida T. Miyasaka A. Noda H. Sunakawa K. Homma M. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2004,40(1):247-258
To establish a large deployable antenna, monitoring and collimation are essential for reliable and precise deployment. We have developed an analysis method to detect shifts in several images, in which the combination of cross-correlations between images and approximations at subpixel precision enables us to detect shifts in images with a precision of up to 0.01 pixels. The LDREX mission; which was a preliminary experiment for a large deployable antenna, ETS-VIII, was performed in December 2000. During this experiment, anomalies occurred in the antenna, and deployment was aborted. To understand the cause of the anomalies, we used our visual analysis method. Using this analysis, we detected vibrating features in the antenna, which were useful for explaining the anomalies. We outline our visual analysis method and discuss its application in monitoring the deployable antenna. 相似文献
744.
Power losses in series-resonant converters (SRCs) operated above resonance are examined for the purpose of developing design guidelines leading to SRC designs with the highest possible operating efficiencies. Loss expressions are formulated and analyzed as functions of normalized voltage conversion ratio M and normalized output current J for the controlled transistor switches, antiparallel diodes, bridge diodes, and resonant capacitor. Overall losses range from a low of nearly 9% to a maximum of about 17%. Operating efficiencies corresponding to these losses range from a high of 92% to a low of 85%. Operation at the maximum efficiency of 92% occurs at values of M close to unity and is not highly dependent on J . However, in a practical closed-loop regulated SRC, operation with M too close to unity could provide an insufficient design margin, given component tolerances or other variations 相似文献
745.
Bar-Shalom Y. Chang K.C. Shertukde H.M. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1989,25(6):873-878
The authors present a Markov-chain-based performance evaluation technique for two-stage sliding-window cascaded logic (2/2×m /n ) for track formation in a cluttered environment. The main features of this technique are that it avoids the need for extensive simulations and it is more realistic than previous methods, accounting for the association gate size variation. The gates are obtained from a Kalman filter and fully account for the transient observed for the cascaded logic following the two-point initiation from its first stage. Numerical examples of performance evaluation are given along with a logic design example 相似文献
746.
Robert H. Becker 《Space Science Reviews》1985,40(3-4):507-512
The most frequent manifestation of synchrotron nebulae is the radio emission emanating from radio galaxies and supernova remnants. In general the synchrotron spectra of these objects do not extend into optical and x-ray domains presumably because the high energy electrons needed to sustain such emission are too short-lived. In fact, we knew of only one class of objects in which synchrotron nebulae are observed at frequencies above the radio, namely Crab-like supernova remnants (SNR). In these instances, a central pulsar is presumed to continually accelerate electrons up to the requisite energies, thus balancing the high synchrotron loss rate. The first part of this talk will discuss the available x-ray observations of these sources as well as some of the difficulties in their interpretation. The last part of the talk will be concerned with a new class of synchrotron nebulae associated with binary star systems. 相似文献
747.
George L. Withbroe John L. Kohl Heinz Weiser Richard H. Munro 《Space Science Reviews》1982,33(1-2):17-52
Measurements of the intensities and profiles of UV and EUV spectral lines can provide a powerful tool for probing the physical conditions in the solar corona out to 8 R
and beyond. We discuss here how measurements of spectral line radiation in conjunction with measurements of the white light K-corona can provide information on electron, proton and ion temperatures and velocity distribution functions; densities; chemical abundances and mass flow velocities. Because of the fundamental importance of such information, we provide a comprehensive review of the formation of coronal resonance line radiation, with particular emphasis on the H i L line, and discuss observational considerations such as requirements for rejection of stray light and effects of emission from the geocorona and interplanetary dust. Finally, we summarize some results of coronal H i L and white light observations acquired on sounding rocket flights.Paper presented at the IX-th Lindau Workshop The Source Region of the Solar Wind. 相似文献
748.
Trunk G.V. Cantrell B.H. Gordon W.B. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1979,(2):288-290
The probability density of the maximum likelihood estimate of elevation angle of a radar target in the presence of multipath is calculated. For detectable signals that have low signal-to-noise ratios, the density is a mixture of a Gaussian density and a delta function at the horizon. 相似文献
749.
Tsao C.K.H. Cease R.G. Bickford W.J. Rowland H.J. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1970,(1):79-87
A signal processor that provides ratio-squared predetection combining, has been investigated for application in an adaptive antenna array. The analysis and experimental data presented here pertain to the signal processing gain when the antenna array is illuminated by a coherent signal source and a partially coherent noise source. For a noise source which is coherent, the processing gain depends on relative strength of the signal and noise, relative directions of arrival, and the usual "array factor." The array exhibits capturing effects much as in an FM receiver. The effective antenna pattern is a superposition of two beams of different magnitudes, one directed to the signal source and the other to the noise source. When the noise is partially coherent, the behavior of the signal processor is quite complex. Analytical prediction and experimental simulation measurement on a four-channel system indicate that the partially coherent noise may be regarded as the source of an incoherent noise component plus a coherent noise component with the magnitude of the latter determined by the coherence coefficient for the noise source. 相似文献
750.
Li W. Leung H. Yifeng Zhou 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2004,40(3):824-836
Space and time alignments are the prerequisites for the successful fusion of multiple sensors. A space-time registration model is proposed to estimate the system biases and to perform time synchronization together for mobile radar and electronic support measure (ESM) systems. A space-time registration model for radar and ESM is first developed, and an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed to estimate the space-time biases and target states simultaneously. The posterior Cramer-Rao bounds (PCRBs) are derived for the proposed UKF registration algorithm for ESM detection probability less than or equal to one. Theoretical analyses are performed to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method. Computer simulations show that the UKF registration algorithm is indeed effective and robust for different radar and ESM tracking scenarios. 相似文献