基于贝叶斯网络的航空灾害成因机理探析

为了预防和矫正航空事故诱发因素的萌生与发展,改善民航安全管理的科学性和可靠性,进一步降低事故率,减少航空灾害造成的损失.针对航空灾害的形成特点,探讨致灾因素的相互作用是成因机理分析的关键.基于贝叶斯网络模型,综合运用诊断推理和支持推理形式,分析致灾因素的因果关系,揭示了人、机、环境与管理因素相互作用的内在规律.通过高斯贝叶斯网络在典型案例致灾成因机理分析中的应用,挖掘隐含的内部因素对系统的影响程度,发现了隐含因素从不确定性状态向确定性状态的演变过程,以及表层因素与隐含因素的关系.     

Ultrasonic Computed Tomography Imaging Method of Concrete Materials Based on Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm

Stability and accuracy of the imaging results are still unmet practical demands for ultrasonic computed tomography(CT)of concrete material.To address these issues,a CT technique based on simulated annealing genetic algorithm(SAGA)is presented in this work.Firstly,a natural weight matrix with clear physical meaning is introduced in the inverse algorithm and then a quadric broadening objective function is formed according to the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in concrete.After that,the simulated annealing(SA)searching is added to speed up the inverse process and to improve the convergence and stability of the algorithm.Finally,the optimal inverse imaging results have been achieved by variable ectopic adaptive genetic algorithm.The numerical simulation experiments have shown that the usage of the correct priori information and the excellent characteristic of SAGA in searching the global minimum value of the function have produced accurate and effective results with stable numerical values.The imaging resolution is improved and the imagining results reflecting the inner defections of the tested objects are more reliable and accurate.     

一种基于航空器气象资料下传数据的飞行剖面生成方法

由于飞行剖面识别是航空器四维(Four-dimensional,4D)航迹预测研究的热点问题,提出一种基于航空器气象资料下传(Aircraft meteorological data relay,AMDAR)数据的全飞行过程剖面生成方法,包括由高度-航程构成的标称高度剖面和空速-航程构成的标称速度剖面。首次将动态空间规整算法(Dynamic space warping,DSW)应用到飞行高度剖面的相似距离计算中,计算出标称飞行高度剖面;为解决在地速未知情况下标称速度剖面的计算问题,结合大椭圆距离算法与航空器基本性能数据库(Base of aircraft data,BADA),给出一种标称飞行速度剖面的计算方法,该方法保留了AMDAR实测历史数据中所隐含的飞行意图与气象因素。实际算例表明,本文提出的方法能够有效地得到真实反映航空器飞行状态的全飞行剖面。     

Optical/radio/pulsars integrated navigation for Mars orbiter

In this paper, we address the issue of the integrated navigation algorithm with different combination of measurements for Mars orbiter. First, system dynamic model and navigation measurement models using optical measurement information, radio measurement information and X-ray pulsars measurement information are respectively established. Second, optical/radio/pulsars integrated navigation algorithm is proposed, and observability analysis of the integrated navigation system is also conducted. Third, adaptive extended Kalman filter is adopted to fuse measurement information and suppress measurement and process noise to optimally estimate the state of Mars orbiter. Monte Carlo simulation results show that optical/radio/pulsars integrated navigation can effectively improve the navigation accuracy and satisfy the navigation requirements of Mars orbiter.     

Enrichment of the Hot Intracluster Medium: Observations

Four decades ago, the firm detection of an Fe-K emission feature in the X-ray spectrum of the Perseus cluster revealed the presence of iron in its hot intracluster medium (ICM). With more advanced missions successfully launched over the last 20 years, this discovery has been extended to many other metals and to the hot atmospheres of many other galaxy clusters, groups, and giant elliptical galaxies, as evidence that the elemental bricks of life—synthesized by stars and supernovae—are also found at the largest scales of the Universe. Because the ICM, emitting in X-rays, is in collisional ionisation equilibrium, its elemental abundances can in principle be accurately measured. These abundance measurements, in turn, are valuable to constrain the physics and environmental conditions of the Type Ia and core-collapse supernovae that exploded and enriched the ICM over the entire cluster volume. On the other hand, the spatial distribution of metals across the ICM constitutes a remarkable signature of the chemical history and evolution of clusters, groups, and ellipticals. Here, we summarise the most significant achievements in measuring elemental abundances in the ICM, from the very first attempts up to the era of XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Suzaku and the unprecedented results obtained by Hitomi. We also discuss the current systematic limitations of these measurements and how the future missions XRISM and Athena will further improve our current knowledge of the ICM enrichment.     

纺织结构复合材料的细观力学分析

纺织结构复合材料细观力学分析中的若干基本问题是单层几何特性的描述，单元体细观结构的模型、应力应变假设以及强度分析等。对前人在前三个问题上已进行的研究工作作出扼要的回顾，并介绍其当前的技术发展动态，针对这些研究工作中存在的不足之处和未来的发展，提出几点意见。     

HYSCAN2000电子扫描压力测量系统

ＨＹＳＣＡＮ２０００电子扫描压力测量系统是目前世界上新一代的高速压力测量系统。本文概述了ＨＹＳＣＮ２０００电子扫描压力测量系统的原理、组成、特点及在１．２米×１．２米跨超声速风洞测压实验中的应用。     

PDX模型在肿瘤研究中的应用

建立合适的临床前研究模型是肿瘤研究转化的关键。目前,抗肿瘤药物的研究发展迅速,但由于缺乏合适的临床前期研究模型,大部分药物在进入Ⅱ期临床试验前便夭折。人源性肿瘤异种移植模型 (Patient-derived Tumor Xenograft Model,PDX) 是将患者肿瘤组织直接接种于免疫缺陷小鼠而建立的新型肿瘤研究模型,该模型保留了其供体肿瘤的主要组织学和遗传学特征,能够在后续传代中保持稳定,是一种能与临床样本保持较高一致性,且具有高临床预测价值的临床前研究模型。PDX模型可用于临床前药物评估、生物标志物鉴定和个性化精准医疗研究领域。本综述归纳了PDX模型的建立方法、PDX模型的优势及其在肿瘤研究方面的应用和局限性,并对PDX模型的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

面向流场计算的 PVM 并行程序设计研究

针对流场计算的特点,提出了分布共享变量思想和异-同步并行算法,采用SPMD的编程模式在并行虚拟机（PVM）上初步实现了流场并行计算。