Biological degradation and composition of sweet potato biomass - errata

Many challenges are presented by biological degradation in a bioregenerative Controlled Ecological Life Support System as envisioned by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In studies conducted with biodegradative microorganisms indigenous to sweetpotato fields, it was determined that a particle size of 75 microns and incubation temperature of 30°C were optimal for degradation. The composition of the biomass and characterization of plant nutrient solution indicated the presence of potential energy sources to drive microbial transformations of plant waste. Selected indigenous soil isolates with ligno-cellulolytic or sulfate-reducing ability were utilized in biological studies and demonstrated diversity in their ability to reduce sulfate in solution and to utilize alternative carbon sources: a lignin analog 4-hydroxy, 3-methoxy cinnamic acid, cellulose, arabinose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, galactose, ascorbic acid.     

对PIO预测的A值及A准则的分析

从应用的角度详细地介绍了国外预测PIO时使用A值及A准则的情况。进行了计算公式的推导，讨论了准则在推导过程中所采用的假设及其适用情况，重新整理和校核了计算步骤和算例，以便于推广使用。     

沟通与协作——管制扇区内主、副班之间配合

航空安全是航空事业的永恒主题,是民航工作围绕的核心,随着我国民航体制改革的逐步实施和完善,民航加强了对人为因素的研究和开发,特别在管制方面,更加注重了扇区内部的主、副班管制员之间的沟通与协作,在充分发挥每个管制员的积极性、主动性和创造性的同时,通过科学的管理、搭     

抑制直升机“地面共振”的优化设计

 本文研究抑制直升机“地面共振”的设计问题,根据控制理论中极点区配置与优化设计思想,提出了满足预定要求的系统刚度与阻尼参数的优化设计方法,并根据直升机“地面共振”的基理,提出了有效的设计方案。本文还以常见的三种计算模型作为算例,结果都是满意的。     

模块化设计中的模块创建策略

针对模块化设计中的方案设计阶段讨论了模块的特性,在此基础上提出了模块创建的策略,并讨论了模块创建策略的实现方法.基于这种方法构建了模块创建子系统,并用实例说明了模块创建的过程.     

Distributive Demand-Assigned Packet Switching with Trailer Transmissions

In a packet satellite system using ALOHA type random access techniques, channels and on-board processing may be effectively used to provide significant gains in throughput, delay, and bandwidth efficiency. Motivated by this conjecture, a distributive demand-assigned packet broadcast system through a processing satellite with multiple request channels and user buffers is first presented. This scheme is shown to be able to achieve the above goals except, as any other demand type scheme, it also exhibits relatively poor delay performance at low traffic when compared with pure random access schemes. An extended scheme using trailer transmission to improve delay performance at low traffic is then introduced. Two techniques for handling trailer transmissions are studied and compared. Both are shown to provide lower packet delay at light trafric. lay at light traffic.     

材料非线性有限元分析的一种有效方法——预测割线刚度变刚法

 材料非线性有限元增量解法中如何减少加载次数,保证精度是两个重要的问题;而误差估计也是与之密切相关的问题,特别是对每次加载不进行迭代的增量变刚法。本文针对这些问题提出预测割线刚度变刚法。     

Neutral buoyancy and sleep-deprived serum factors alter expression of cytokines regulating osteogenesis

We examined expression of genes associated with cytokine production, and genes implicated in regulating bone metabolism, in bone stromal and osteoblast cells incubated under standard ground conditions and under conditions of neutral buoyancy, and in the presence/absence of serum from normal or sleep-deprived mice. We observed a clear interaction between these two conditions (exposure to neutral buoyancy and serum stimulation) in promoting enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Both conditions independently altered expression of a number of cytokines implicated in the regulation of bone metabolism. However, using stromal cells from IL-1 and TNFx cytokine(r) KO mice, we concluded that the increased bone loss under microgravity conditions was not primarily cytokine mediated.     

Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

A method of estimating GPS instrumental biases with a convolution algorithm

This paper presents a method of deriving the instrumental differential code biases (DCBs) of GPS satellites and dual frequency receivers. Considering that the total electron content (TEC) varies smoothly over a small area, one ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and four more nearby IPPs were selected to build an equation with a convolution algorithm. In addition, unknown DCB parameters were arranged into a set of equations with GPS observations in a day unit by assuming that DCBs do not vary within a day. Then, the DCBs of satellites and receivers were determined by solving the equation set with the least-squares fitting technique. The performance of this method is examined by applying it to 361?days in 2014 using the observation data from 1311 GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET) receivers. The result was crosswise-compared with the DCB estimated by the mesh method and the IONEX products from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). The DCB values derived by this method agree with those of the mesh method and the CODE products, with biases of 0.091?ns and 0.321?ns, respectively. The convolution method's accuracy and stability were quite good and showed improvements over the mesh method.