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181.
F. Bagenal A. Adriani F. Allegrini S. J. Bolton B. Bonfond E. J. Bunce J. E. P. Connerney S. W. H. Cowley R. W. Ebert G. R. Gladstone C. J. Hansen W. S. Kurth S. M. Levin B. H. Mauk D. J. McComas C. P. Paranicas D. Santos-Costa R. M. Thorne P. Valek J. H. Waite P. Zarka 《Space Science Reviews》2017,213(1-4):219-287
In July 2016, NASA’s Juno mission becomes the first spacecraft to enter polar orbit of Jupiter and venture deep into unexplored polar territories of the magnetosphere. Focusing on these polar regions, we review current understanding of the structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere and summarize the outstanding issues. The Juno mission profile involves (a) a several-week approach from the dawn side of Jupiter’s magnetosphere, with an orbit-insertion maneuver on July 6, 2016; (b) a 107-day capture orbit, also on the dawn flank; and (c) a series of thirty 11-day science orbits with the spacecraft flying over Jupiter’s poles and ducking under the radiation belts. We show how Juno’s view of the magnetosphere evolves over the year of science orbits. The Juno spacecraft carries a range of instruments that take particles and fields measurements, remote sensing observations of auroral emissions at UV, visible, IR and radio wavelengths, and detect microwave emission from Jupiter’s radiation belts. We summarize how these Juno measurements address issues of auroral processes, microphysical plasma physics, ionosphere-magnetosphere and satellite-magnetosphere coupling, sources and sinks of plasma, the radiation belts, and the dynamics of the outer magnetosphere. To reach Jupiter, the Juno spacecraft passed close to the Earth on October 9, 2013, gaining the necessary energy to get to Jupiter. The Earth flyby provided an opportunity to test Juno’s instrumentation as well as take scientific data in the terrestrial magnetosphere, in conjunction with ground-based and Earth-orbiting assets. 相似文献
182.
V.?V.?Bogomolov M.?I.?Panasyuk S.?I.?SvertilovEmail author A.?V.?Bogomolov G.?K.?Garipov A.?F.?Iyudin P.?A.?Klimov S.?I.?Klimov T.?M.?Mishieva P.?Yu.?Minaev V.?S.?Morozenko O.?V.?Morozov A.?S.?Posanenko A.?V.?Prokhorov H.?Rotkel 《Cosmic Research》2017,55(3):159-168
The RELEС scientific payload of the Vernov satellite launched on July 8, 2014 includes the DRGE spectrometer of gamma-rays and electrons. This instrument comprises a set of scintillator phoswich-detectors, including four identical X-ray and gamma-ray detector with an energy range of 10 kev to 3 MeV with a total area of ~500 cm2 directed to the atmosphere, as well as an electron spectrometer containing three mutually orthogonal detector units with a geometric factor of ~2 cm2 sr. The aim of a space experiment with the DRGE instrument is the study of fast phenomena, in particular Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGF) and magnetospheric electron precipitation. In this regard, the instrument provides the transmission of both monitoring data with a time resolution of 1 s, and data in the event-by-event mode, with a recording of the time of detection of each gamma quantum or electron to an accuracy of ~15 μs. This makes it possible to not only conduct a detailed analysis of the variability in the gamma-ray range, but also compare the time profiles with the results of measurements with other RELEC instruments (the detector of optical and ultraviolet flares, radio-frequency and low-frequency analyzers of electromagnetic field parameters), as well as with the data of ground-based facility for thunderstorm activity. This paper presents the first catalog of Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. The criterion for selecting flashes required in order to detect no less than 5 hard quanta in 1 ms by at least two independent detectors. The TGFs included in the catalog have a typical duration of ~400 μs, during which 10–40 gamma-ray quanta were detected. The time profiles, spectral parameters, and geographic position, as well as a result of a comparison with the output data of other Vernov instruments, are presented for each of candidates. The candidate for Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes detected in the near-polar region over Antarctica is discussed. 相似文献
183.
The Juno Waves Investigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W. S. Kurth G. B. Hospodarsky D. L. Kirchner B. T. Mokrzycki T. F. Averkamp W. T. Robison C. W. Piker M. Sampl P. Zarka 《Space Science Reviews》2017,213(1-4):347-392
Jupiter is the source of the strongest planetary radio emissions in the solar system. Variations in these emissions are symptomatic of the dynamics of Jupiter’s magnetosphere and some have been directly associated with Jupiter’s auroras. The strongest radio emissions are associated with Io’s interaction with Jupiter’s magnetic field. In addition, plasma waves are thought to play important roles in the acceleration of energetic particles in the magnetosphere, some of which impact Jupiter’s upper atmosphere generating the auroras. Since the exploration of Jupiter’s polar magnetosphere is a major objective of the Juno mission, it is appropriate that a radio and plasma wave investigation is included in Juno’s payload. This paper describes the Waves instrument and the science it is to pursue as part of the Juno mission. 相似文献
184.
Built in cooperation with China, at the end of 2008 the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela launched its first telecommunications satellite which operates in C, Ku and Ka bands. Using published and unpublished information, this report describes the potential role of the Venesat-1 satellite in promoting development in Venezuela and Latin America. The core of Venezuelan space policy has deep social roots and includes several applications in order to provide telecommunications services to people in all areas of the country. Potential roles of the Venezuelan Satellite in local and regional development include: strengthening environmental tele-education and telemedicine programs; improving disaster management through short-term development of broad networks to monitor environmental and meteorological features; coordination of emergency responses and humanitarian assistance using data and satellite communications; poverty reduction; and biodiversity conservation – communication networks could also be used to relay information about detected fires within protected areas faster, and to improve surveillance activities within them with in order to reduce illegal hunting, logging, habitat loss and fragmentation. Because the area covered by the satellite goes beyond Venezuela’s borders, its applications could have enormous relevance for human development at the regional level; they could be fundamental tools for bringing sustainable development into Latin America, by building capacity and increasing awareness among decision makers and lay people. 相似文献
185.
J. B. Blake P. A. Carranza S. G. Claudepierre J. H. Clemmons W. R. Crain Jr. Y. Dotan J. F. Fennell F. H. Fuentes R. M. Galvan J. S. George M. G. Henderson M. Lalic A. Y. Lin M. D. Looper D. J. Mabry J. E. Mazur B. McCarthy C. Q. Nguyen T. P. O’Brien M. A. Perez M. T. Redding J. L. Roeder D. J. Salvaggio G. A. Sorensen H. E. Spence S. Yi M. P. Zakrzewski 《Space Science Reviews》2013,179(1-4):383-421
This paper describes the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instruments aboard the RBSP spacecraft from an instrumentation and engineering point of view. There are four magnetic spectrometers aboard each of the two spacecraft, one low-energy unit (20–240 keV), two medium-energy units (80–1200 keV), and a high-energy unit (800–4800 keV). The high unit also contains a proton telescope (55 keV–20 MeV). The magnetic spectrometers focus electrons within a selected energy pass band upon a focal plane of several silicon detectors where pulse-height analysis is used to determine if the energy of the incident electron is appropriate for the electron momentum selected by the magnet. Thus each event is a two-parameter analysis, an approach leading to a greatly reduced background. The physics of these instruments are described in detail followed by the engineering implementation. The data outputs are described, and examples of the calibration results and early flight data presented. 相似文献
186.
F Raulin P Coll N Smith Y Benilan P Bruston M C Gazeau 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,24(4):453-460
Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, with a dense atmosphere very rich in organics, and many couplings in the various parts of its "geofluid", is a reference for studying prebiotic chemistry on a planetary scale. New data have been obtained from experiments simulating this organic chemistry (gas and aerosol phases), within the right ranges of temperature and a careful avoiding of any chemical contamination. They show a very good agreement with the observational data, demonstrating for the first time the formation of all the organic species already detected in Titan atmosphere including, at last, C4N2, together with many other species not yet detected in Titan. This strongly suggests the presence of more complex organics in Titan's atmosphere and surface, including high molecular weight polyynes and cyanopolyynes. The NASA-ESA Cassini-Huygens mission has been successfully launched in October 1997. The Cassini spacecraft will reach the Saturn system in 2004 and become an orbiter around Saturn, while the Huygens probe will penetrate into Titan's atmosphere. In situ measurements, in particular from Huygens GC-MS and ACP instruments, will provide a detailed analysis of the organics present in the air, aerosols, and surface. This very ambitious mission should yield much information of crucial importance for our knowledge of the complexity of Titan's chemistry, and, more generally for the field of exobiology. 相似文献
187.
T. J. -L. Courvoisier A. Orr P. Bü hler A. Zchnder R. Henneck F. Stauffacher J. Biakhowski N. Schlumpf W. Schoeps A. Mchedlishvili R. Sunyaev V. Arefev A. Yascovich G. Babalyan M. Pavlinsky J. P. Delaboudini re T. Carone O. Siegmund J. Warren D. Leahy N. Salaschenko J. Platonov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1993,13(12):299-302
EUVITA is a set of 8 extreme UV normal incidence imaging telescopes, each of them sensitive in a narrow band (λ/Δλ = 15 to 80), centered at wavelengths between 50 and 175 Å. Each telescope has an effective area of a few cm2; a field of view of 1.2° and a spatial resolution of 10 arcsec.
EUVITA will be flown on the Russian mission SPECTRUM X-G. This satellite will be launched in a highly eccentric orbit with a period of 4 days, allowing long, uninterrupted observations (e.g. 105 seconds). EUVITA's narrow spectral bands allow the measurement of source parameters such as temperature or power law index as well as interstellar absorption, and will resolve groups of strong lines emitted by optically thin hot plasmas. 相似文献
188.
A. Claret J. Ballet A. Goldwurm F. Lebrun J. P. Roques L. Bouchet M. C. Schmitz-Fraysse P. Mandrou R. Sunyaev E. Churazov M. Gilfanov N. Khavenson A. Dyachkov B. Novikov R. Kremnev V. Kovtunenko 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1993,13(12):735-738
We report the first detection of two soft gamma ray transients GX 354-0 and Nova Persei (GRO J0422+32) by the coded-mask telescope SIGMA. Only preliminary results are presented with regard to Nova Persei while special emphasis is given to the data on GX 354-0 which has been monitored during the 1992 February–April survey of the Galactic Center. GX 354-0 underwent two flares of about two week duration and its average spectrum is well described by a thermal Bremsstrahlung model or a broken power law whereas the Nova Persei spectrum seems to be similar to the one observed for GRS 1124-684 in Musca. 相似文献
189.
R. A. Kimble A. F. Davidsen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1993,13(12):33-42
The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) was flown aboard the space shuttle Columbia as part of the Astro-1 mission during December 1990. During the nine-day flight, HUT carried out 3 Å resolution spectrophotometry of a wide variety of astronomical objects, including a number of stellar targets, in the 912–1860 Å range of the far ultraviolet. A few nearby stars were observed in the 415–912 Å range of the extreme ultraviolet as well. For nearly all of these targets, the spectra obtained by HUT are the first ever obtained in the spectroscopically rich region between Lyman (1216 Å) and the Lyman limit (912 Å). Here, we present highlights of the results obtained by HUT in a variety of areas of stellar astronomy. 相似文献
190.
Evolutionary models allow an assignment of both a mass and a luminosity to a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star in a cluster, and hence allow a determination of the Bolometric Correction (B.C.). The B.C.'s derived for WN stars range from –4.0 to –6.0 with the expected trend of larger values (in absolute values) for stars with higher excitation spectra. For WC stars, there is little evidence for a similar trend; most observations presented here are consistent with B.C.=–4.5, as found by Smith and Maeder (1989). The convergence of B.C. values derived from evolutionary and atmospheric models is extremely satisfactory, giving increased confidence in both methods. 相似文献