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21.
Wolfgang Baumjohann Michel Blanc Andrei Fedorov Karl-Heinz Glassmeier 《Space Science Reviews》2010,152(1-4):99-134
The interaction of planets with the solar wind produces a diversity of current systems, yet these can be classified into only a few different types, which include ionospheric currents, currents carried by magnetospheric boundaries like the magnetopause or ionopause, magnetotail currents, and currents flowing inside the magnetospheres, like ring currents, plasma sheet currents and currents aligned to the magnetic field lines (or field-aligned currents). 相似文献
22.
The rapid neutron-capture process and the synthesis of heavy and neutron-rich elements 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wolfgang Hillebrandt 《Space Science Reviews》1978,21(6):639-702
Recent developments in theoretical model-calculations for the synthesis of heavy and neutron-rich chemical elements by means of the rapid neutron-capture process are reviewed. Special emphasis is put on a discussion of possible astrophysical sites, e.g. supernova models, and extrapolated nuclear input data as well. Numerical methods to solve complex nuclear reaction-networks are presented. 相似文献
23.
Saparin PI Thomsen JS Prohaska S Zaikin A Kurths J Hege HC Gowin W 《Acta Astronautica》2005,56(9-12):820-830
Changes in trabecular bone composition during development of osteoporosis are used as a model for bone loss in microgravity conditions during a space flight. Symbolic dynamics and measures of complexity are proposed and applied to assess quantitatively the structural composition of bone tissue from 3D data sets of human tibia bone biopsies acquired by a micro-CT scanner. In order to justify the newly proposed approach, the measures of complexity of the bone architecture were compared with the results of traditional 2D bone histomorphometry. The proposed technique is able to quantify the structural loss of the bone tissue and may help to diagnose and to monitor changes in bone structure of patients on Earth as well as of the space-flying personnel. 相似文献
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25.
Nikolaus Peter Schmitt Wolfgang Rehm Thomas Pistner Paul Zeller Hermann Diehl Peter Nav 《Aerospace Science and Technology》2007,11(7-8):546-552
The development and first flight tests are described of a short pulse direct measuring UV LIDAR for the measurement of gusts, turbulence and potentially wake vortices. The results of these stage 1 tests confirm that relative wind velocities can be measured with a standard deviation of below 10 m/s even at high altitudes with no appreciable aerosol concentrations. Operating the system under various flight conditions including rain, dense clouds, and clear air up to 24,000 ft was highly successful. Means to push the standard deviation below 1.6 m/s, foremost by increasing the laser output power and the efficiency of the light collecting system, are identified and quantified. Questions of instrument stability are addressed. 相似文献
26.
Venus and Mars likely had liquid water bodies on their surface early in the Solar System history. The surfaces of Venus and Mars are presently not a suitable habitat for life, but reservoirs of liquid water remain in the atmosphere of Venus and the subsurface of Mars, and with it also the possibility of microbial life. Microbial organisms may have adapted to live in these ecological niches by the evolutionary force of directional selection. Missions to our neighboring planets should therefore be planned to explore these potentially life-containing refuges and return samples for analysis. Sample return missions should also include ice samples from Mercury and the Moon, which may contain information about the biogenic material that catalyzed the early evolution of life on Earth (or elsewhere). To obtain such information, science-driven exploration is necessary through varying degrees of mission operation autonomy. A hierarchical mission design is envisioned that includes spaceborne (orbital), atmosphere (airborne), surface (mobile such as rover and stationary such as lander or sensor), and subsurface (e.g., ground-penetrating radar, drilling, etc.) agents working in concert to allow for sufficient mission safety and redundancy, to perform extensive and challenging reconnaissance, and to lead to a thorough search for evidence of life and habitability. 相似文献
27.
Dominik Quantius Daniel Schubert Volker Maiwald Rosa París Lopéz Jens Hauslage Wolfgang Seboldt Ondrej Doule Irene Lia Schlacht Stephen Ransom 《Acta Astronautica》2014
An effective and self-sustainable artificial habitat design is essential for human spaceflight and expansion of mankind into orbit or towards other celestial bodies. There are two approaches that need to be implemented in future sustainable habitats: the use of re-cycling technologies in order to gain experience in closed-loop processes and the primary production of resource materials using In Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) principles. Various products will be provided and, where applicable, recycled in such a system taking into account basic human factors requirements such as crew work load capacity, safety and well-being, namely: 相似文献
28.
E. A. Gurtovenko R. I. Kostik A. Tlamicha R. Zerull Aert Schadee A. Mészáros Y. Néeman R. H. Giese A. T. Sinclair J. Kleczek E. A. Trendelenburg Wolfgang Hillebrandt L. Sehnal W. de Graaff C. Slottje T. Courvisier H. F. van Beek B. Baud C. de Jager J. M. A. Danby B. V. Somov J. Cassinelli F. Verbunt 《Space Science Reviews》1986,44(1-2):177-188
29.
Wolfgang Gilg 《Acta Astronautica》1984,11(1):37-49
(Earth Observation Missions—Requirements and Concepts)—Ten years ago, on 23 July 1972. NASA launched the first satellite specifically designed for Earth observation. With Landsat 1 the importance and attractiveness of remote sensing from space increased worldwide.The paper presents in an overview former remote sensing missions with their applications and the system elements required for gathering Earth observation information. Main elements are the sensors (optical, microwave, and other instruments), the platforms (satellites, space stations, aircraft and Earth based stations) and their orbits.It is shown how these elements are interrelated and which constraints must be considered for planning an Earth observation mission. The feasibility, the amount of hard- and software, the costs, and the performance of a system are decisive for the realization of a satellite concept.Examples for different concepts investigated to date at Dornier System are given; included is the first ESA Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1, which is now under definition at Dornier System, the main contractor of ESA. 相似文献
30.
Wolfgang Kundt 《Space Science Reviews》1994,68(1-4):357-362
25 years after their discovery, pulsars still pose fundamental problems, in particular when the whole range of their periodsP is considered: 1.56 ms P0.09 s. This communication reviews my understanding of the pulsar magnetosphere, windzone, and (coherent) radio emission. New are details of the preferred magnetic structure, wind generation, and amplification of the emitted (pseudo) curvature radiation, the inferred brightness of which exceeds that of all other terrestrial and astrophysical sources by many orders of magnitude. 相似文献