基于雷达相位测距的微动特征获取

针对微动目标的雷达回波特征信号一般较小难以提取的特点,提出了一种基于雷达相位测距的微动特征获取方法。相参雷达工作在宽窄交替模式下,宽带信号形式为线性调频（Linear Frequency Modulation,简称LFM）。首先,通过窄带相位测距（游标测距）测量目标质心的平动轨迹;其次,通过宽带相位测距测量目标上各个散射中心的运动轨迹;最后,从散射中心运动轨迹中除去质心平动轨迹,获得散射中心相对于质心的微动轨迹。相位测距精度极高,已知微动模型,可以估计微动参数,获取微动特征。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效获取目标的微动特征。     

Experimental and theoretical extinction of solid rocket propellants by fast depressurization

Dynamic burning of solid rocket propellants following fast depressurization of the combustion chamber was studied experimentally. Extinction boundaries were constructed for different sets of values of the controlling parameters (such as initial pressure, final pressure and depressurization rate). Most experimental results were collected by testing a nonmetallized, ammonium perchlorate based, composite propellant (AP83/CTPB16/Al₂O₃). Experimental results show that, for a given final pressure, an extinction boundary in terms of maximum depressurization rate vs initial pressure can be constructed by go/no-go testing. The objective was to check experimentally the analytical predictions of dynamic extinction boundaries obtained by this research group for finite size disturbances. A good agreement was found between analytical, numerical, and experimental results.     

高超声速飞行器模型不确定性影响分析

吸气式高超声速飞行器具有严重的弹性机体和推进系统耦合的典型特征,其分析模型存在较大的不确定性,标称系统和真实系统之间存在偏差,因此研究不确定性对稳定性的影响对于控制器设计具有重要意义。针对典型的乘波体构型高超声速飞行器,建立了气动/结构/推进相互耦合的动力学模型,总结了建模中的不确定因素并将其以加性不确定模型的形式表示出来。以不确定性矩阵的最大奇异值为边界模型,以不确定性矩阵的H∞范数来表示不确定性因素对稳定性影响的大小,并通过不确定性矩阵的边界曲线分析不确定因素对模态特性的影响。结果表明,惯性因素的不确定性对稳定性的影响最大,而且其对飞行器的短周期模态和弹性模态均有较大的影响;同时,对于这一类飞行器的控制器设计必须考虑飞行器的弹性自由度。     

一种SGCMG系统奇异逃离方法

单框架控制力矩陀螺 (SGCMG)系统进入奇异后无法提供准确的三轴指令力矩,通过奇异机理分析,设计了一种奇异逃离方案。首先构造新的动态坐标系,在系统进入奇异后,将控制坐标系切换到新的坐标系下,在新的坐标系上放弃一个维度的控制,将系统考虑为平面内的SGCMG冗余控制系统,然后在平面内采用二维零运动使得系统快速逃离奇异状态,当SGCMG系统逃离奇异状态后,再重新接入三维度的控制。仿真结果表明,提出的方法具有很好的奇异逃避效果。     

空天飞行器制导控制技术研究进展与展望

本文在简要介绍空天飞行器制导控制技术发展情况基础上,针对其典型的任务形态给制导控制技术带来的挑战,分别从动力学建模、轨迹优化与制导、飞行控制与导航等四个方面阐述了制导控制技术中面临的关键技术,并探讨了空天飞行器制导控制技术后续发展方向与思路。     

跨音速颤振计算方法研究

采用快捷的动态弹性变形技术生成三维块结构动态贴体网格。结构运动方程采用二级精度的龙格—库塔时间推进。气动力求解则用非定常欧拉方程的双时间有限体积推进,外时间为物理时间,与结构运动方程同步;对每个真实物理时间步采用五步Runge Kutta时间推进进行虚拟定常迭代。针对可压流颤振计算中存在的质量不相似问题,采用变质量、变刚度的方法计算出质量匹配点处的颤振速压值,并根据颤振速压随质量或刚度倍数的变化趋势,得出可用的飞机跨音速颤振速压。对一飞机简化外形的跨音速颤振特性计算得到了合理的计算结果。     

船载星敏感器测星数据蒙气差实时修正方法

针对船载星敏感器安装在航天测量船上而引起的测星数据如何进行蒙气差实时修正问题,在分析船载经纬仪目前使用的蒙气差修正方法和中国天文年历提供的蒙气差修正方法的修正精度的基础上,提出船载星敏感器测星数据的蒙气差实时修正方法,给出蒙气差常数R0和温度变差乘数A的改正量α的计算公式,解决了工程应用上的高精度和实时性问题;同时,在分析大气温度、大气压力对船载星敏感器测星数据蒙气差影响的基础上,提出工程应用中的气象数据采集与使用的具体方案。     

Titan and exobiological aspects of the Cassini-Huygens mission

Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, has a dense N2-CH4 atmosphere rich in organic compounds, both in gas and in aerosol phases. Its surface is probably covered by oceans of liquid methane-ethane mixtures, with many dissolved organics. This quasi planet appears as a natural laboratory to study chemical evolution toward complex organic systems in a planetary environment over a long time scale. With the Cassini-Huygens mission NASA and ESA will jointly send an orbiter (Cassini) around Saturn and a probe (Huygens) in the atmosphere of Titan. This mission, currently planned to be launched in 1996-1997 for a Saturn - Titan arrival in 2004, offers a unique opportunity to study in detail extra-terrestrial organic processes. Consequently, it has important implications in the field of exobiology and the origins of life.     

含二硝基偶氮氧化呋咱推进剂的能量特性研究

二硝基偶氮氧化呋咱 ( DNAF)是一种新型高能氧化剂。采用最小自由能方法研究了 DNAF的能量特性 ,结果显示 :DNAF单元推进剂比冲 2 692 .72 N· s· kg- 1 ,比黑索今高 75.8N· s· kg- 1 ,比六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷高 1 9.5N· s· kg- 1 ;HTPB/DNAF/Al组成推进剂的比冲可达 2 81 0 N·s·kg- 1 ;DNAF分别与 GAP和 HTPB组成的无烟推进剂的比冲分别高达 2 763N· s·kg- 1和 2 72 5N·s·kg- 1。并绘制了等性能三角图和三维立体图 ,可形象直观地看出这类推进剂的比冲、燃烧温度与配方组分之间的关系     

Algols: Wherefrom, whereto, and what in between?

Four different aspects related to the evolution of Algols are discussed: the occurrence of a contact phase during the mass transfer, the evolution of short period systems evolving through case A mass transfer, the influence of the mass transfer on the surface abundances of both components, and the problem of the initial parameters of Algol systems. For the latter, a search is made for conservative case B systems. UZ Cyg seems to be a good candidate for such evolution. Finally, some remarks are given on the initial values of the low mass Algol S Cancri.