Rosina – Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis

The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission’s main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula. To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet’s activity, ROSINA has unprecedented capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N₂ and ¹³C from ¹²CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature. ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor. To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns in our electron bombardment ion sources.     

Optimal solar sail trajectory approximation with finite Fourier series

The heliocentric transfer of a solar sail-based spacecraft is usually studied from an optimal perspective, by looking for the control law that minimizes the total flight time. The optimal control problem can be solved either with an indirect approach, whose solution is difficult to obtain due to its sensitivity to an initial guess of the costates, or with a direct method, which requires a good estimate of a feasible (guess) trajectory. This work presents a procedure to generate an approximate optimal trajectory through a finite Fourier series. The minimum time problem is solved using a nonlinear programming solver, in which the optimization parameters are the coefficients of the Fourier series and the positions of the spacecraft along the initial and target orbits. Suitable constraints are enforced on the direction and magnitude of the sail propulsive acceleration vector in order to obtain feasible solutions. A comparison with the numerical results from an indirect approach shows that the proposed method provides a good approximation of the optimal trajectory with a small computational effort.     

空间细胞机器人系统关键技术及其应用

针对传统空间操控装置难以适应未来大型空间设施在轨建设的问题,提出一种能够实现多层次自重构的空间细胞机器人系统,并对其概念体系以及设计理念进行了分析。介绍了空间三角桁架装配场景下的空间细胞机器人系统硬件设计。提出了空间细胞机器人系统关键技术,包括多智能体协同不确定行为规划、多层次机器人系统构型决策、多智能体协同无环境地图自主导航以及多智能体分层协同分布式控制等。最后结合空间细胞机器人系统的特点与优势,对其应用前景进行了展望。     

基于2.5维小型化设计的UHF频段高性能超材料吸波体

提出一种基于2.5维小型化设计的高性能超材料吸波体,其吸波频带覆盖全球范围内超高频射频识别(Ultrahigh-frequency radio frequeny identification,UHF-RFID)系统工作频段。该吸波体结构借助多个金属化过孔增加回路电长度进行小型化并拓展吸波带宽,通过单独调节上下表面衰减电阻阻值缩小此过程中介质板厚度带来的极化差异。单元尺寸被缩小至13.6 mm×13.6 mm,约为中心频率波长的1/60。仿真和实验结果表明,该2.5维小型化高性能超材料吸波体在840～960 MHz的频带范围内平均吸收率超过99%,相比已公开文献,95%吸波带宽提高45%以上,可用于改善受限空间中RFID系统的可靠性。     

一种钢筋弯曲设备的伺服电机控制设计

为提高钢筋生产过程中的安全性和可靠性,提供了一种钢筋弯曲设备的伺服电机控制设计,包括PLC控制单元、行走伺服电机、弯曲伺服电机、电磁阀、气缸、信号采集单元及触摸屏。信号采集单元包括光电开关、磁性开关及钢筋弯曲设备的开关按钮。该伺服电机控制设计通过PLC控制器运动控制技术及数据处理技术实现设备的全数字化控制,通过伺服控制技术实现设备的精准高效的运动及生产节能,从而实现系统操作界面更人性化、操作简单快捷、钢筋弯曲准确、生产效率高、节能,同时也大大降低了工人的劳动强度及废品率,进而降低了生产成本。     

植酸酶发酵过程控制系统设计

设计基于研华工控机和ADAM模块发酵过程控制系统,介绍该系统的软、硬件结构与功能,以及发酵过程参数的优化控制方法。     

基于自适应波形设计的天基雷达目标检测方法

针对天基雷达检测海面目标时杂波特性复杂、场景变化迅速和信杂比低的问题,文中提出一种基于波形自适应设计的目标检测方法。这种方法将每个驻留时间分拆为若干个子驻留,在第1个子驻留上发射线性调频脉冲,并进行预检测和杂波协方差估计。在后续子驻留中采用多粒子滤波技术对杂波协方差进行动态更新,以适应天基雷达杂波的快速变化。进而在后续子驻留中利用平均平方优化技术自适应的设计波形,并进行主成分分析和广义似然比检验,以提高信杂比和实现恒虚警率检测。最后,文中将海杂波建模为复合高斯过程、将目标建模为若干个具有确定但未知散射幅值的散射体,并进行仿真实验。结果表明,在尖峰性海杂波环境和天基监视雷达配置条件下,用这种目标检测方法实现可靠检测所需的信杂比降低约9dB,可有效改善对弱小目标的检测效果。     

外挂副油箱中油液惯性特性的工程处理方法

提出了外挂副油箱中油液惯性特性的工程处理方法。在不同的油箱细长比、尺度比、油液深度和振荡频率下进行了系统的试验 ,得出了比较简单的油液在不同运动状态下的当量惯性系数。用这些当量系数对某型飞机进行了机翼 -外挂副油箱的动力特性计算 ,结果与试验吻合良好     

Algols: Wherefrom,whereto, and what in between?

Four different aspects related to the evolution of Algols are discussed: the occurrence of a contact phase during the mass transfer, the evolution of short period systems evolving through case A mass transfer, the influence of the mass transfer on the surface abundances of both components, and the problem of the initial parameters of Algol systems. For the latter, a search is made for conservative case B systems. UZ Cyg seems to be a good candidate for such evolution. Finally, some remarks are given on the initial values of the low mass Algol S Cancri.     

The sun in the far infrared and sub-mm region

A review is given of the solar radiation between wavelengths of approx. 5 m. and 1 mm. After discussing the astrophysical background (Section 2), we review the brightness temperatures measured in the continuous spectrum in the disk center (Section 3), and compare them with model predictions. The observed limb darkening (or brightening) is described in Section 4, and the line spectrum in Section 5. In Section 6 considerations are given on the usefulness of infrared observations for the investigation of small structures on the Sun.