基于电动汽车驱动用无刷直流电机控制仿真

通过研究电动汽车中无刷直流电机(BLDCM)负载运行时电机的性能与负载之间的密切关系,针对BLDCM调速应用,提出了一种改进广义预测控制的算法。通过对仿真模型中的BLDCM的数学模型分析,建立BLDCM的控制系统并进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明:当采用改进广义预测算法,与以往的PID控制算法相比,BLDCM的负载稳态精度以及最大转速波动都得到明显的改善,具有响应快、控制精度高,电机负载抗干扰能力强等特点,BLDCM可满足电动汽车行驶中BLDCM运行的要求。     

Digital fixed-frequency hysteresis current control of a BLDC motor applied for aerospace electrically powered actuators

In the conventional cascade control structure of aerospace electrically powered actuators, the current (or electromagnetic torque) loop plays a critical role in realizing a rapid response for a digitally controlled BrushLess Direct Current (BLDC) motor. Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) is an effective method in improving the performance of current control for a BLDC motor. Nevertheless, the varying modulating frequency in the traditional HCC causes severe problems on the safety of power devices and the electromagnetic compatibility design. A triangular carrier-based fixed-frequency HCC strategy is expanded by relaxing the constraints on the rising and descending rates of the winding current to advance the capability of HCC to realize fixed-frequency modulation in the steady state. Based on that, a new flexible-bound-size quasi-fixed-frequency HCC is proposed, and the range feasible to realize fixed-frequency modulation control can cover the entire running process in the steady state. Meanwhile, a corresponding digital control strategy is designed, and four digitalization rules are proposed to extend the capacity to achieve fixed-frequency modulation control to the unsteady working state, that is, a novel fixed-frequency modulation is realized. Simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of this improved fixed-frequency HCC strategy.     

An adaptive fast fixed-time guidance law with an impact angle constraint for intercepting maneuvering targets

Sliding mode guidance laws based on a conventional terminal sliding mode guarantees only finite-time convergence, which verifies that the settling time is required to be estimated by selecting appropriate initial launched conditions. However, rapid convergence to a desired impact angle within a uniform bounded finite time is important in most practical guidance applications. A uniformly finite-time/fixed-time convergent guidance law means that the convergence (settling) time is predefined independently on initial conditions, that is, a closed-loop convergence time can be estimated a priori by guidance parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fast fixed-time sliding mode guidance law to intercept maneuver targets at a desired impact angle from any initial heading angle, with no problems of singularity and chattering, is designed. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and achieves more rapid convergence than those of fixed-time stable control methods by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The achieved acceleration-magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced, and the chattering-free property is guaranteed by adaptive switching gains. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.     

航天器大功率并网控制技术研究

中国空间站各舱段均有各自独立的电源系统,为了解决由于阳光遮挡效应导致部分舱段供电能力不足问题,提出了通过配置大功率并网控制单机--并网控制器的并网供电方案。高压大功率模块化并网控制器采用四相交错双管正激高压拓扑技术、恒压恒流双环控制技术、最大电流并联均流技术、输出数字调节技术及故障检测、隔离和恢复 （Failure Detection Isolation and Recovery,FDIR ）技术,可以实现中国空间站舱段之间及与飞船之间功率4kW并网供电,并通过了试验验证。     

多模函数优化的改进花朵授粉算法

为了探讨花朵授粉算法（FPA）在解算多模函数优化问题中存在的不足,通过定义种群多样性及差异性指标,定性分析了FPA在多模复杂函数优化中的寻优缺点。基于模拟退火思想优化全局授粉过程,并利用Nelder-Mead单纯形搜索技术对花朵局部授粉进行重构,提出一种新的花朵授粉寻优架构。仿真结果表明,相对于基本的FPA、布谷鸟算法、萤火虫算法,改进花朵授粉算法能够有效避免陷入局部最优,具备优异的全局勘探和局部开采能力,对多模优化问题具有一定优势。      

控制力矩陀螺框架谐波减速驱动系统建模与仿真

摘要： 控制力矩陀螺是航天器姿态控制系统的重要执行机构,它具有输出力矩大、速度响应快、功率消耗低、寿命长等优点,可以完成高速率的姿态机动控制.综合考虑谐波减速器的齿隙模型、非线性刚度、减速器效率等因素,对CMG框架驱动组件用谐波减速器进行精细建模.针对低速下谐波减速器的刚度较低、传动误差较大这一缺陷,建立考虑传动误差的减速器模型;与传统的不考虑传动误差的模型相比可更准确地描述谐波减速器在低速下的输出速度曲线.根据建立的CMG框架驱动系统模型,在低速下采用PID闭环控制对输出转速误差进行抑制,使输出转速误差降低了50%以上.最后分析其对谐波减速器刚度和阻尼对框架系统性能的影响.     

基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划

为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A^*算法,基于改进A^*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A^*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。     

高效非结构网格变形与流场插值方法

非结构动网格在含动边界的非定常流动模拟中应用十分广泛。为了提高网格变形的计算效率和对复杂外形的适用性,发展了高效的K近邻-径向基函数（KNN-RBF）动网格方法。并采用高效的交界面节点一致性方法实现了网格变形的并行化。由于边界的运动和变形形式多种多样,在自主开发的计算流体力学（CFD）程序中实现了动网格的用户自定义函数（UDF）功能模块,可以灵活地设置此类问题中的边界运动。在模拟大变形问题时,采用了全局网格重构的策略对网格质量较差的区域进行处理。提出了快速查找新旧网格最近点的两级KD（K-Dimensional）树方法,并根据最近点在新旧网格间进行流场插值。从而建立了高效健壮的并行流场插值方法。通过对若干算例进行模拟,验证了所发展方法的正确性和健壮性。     

飞机蒙皮镜像铣加工稳定性分析

镜像铣技术是近年来提出的一种针对大尺寸薄壁件的加工方法,其加工环保、高效,具有逐步取代传统化铣加工的趋势。针对飞机蒙皮镜像铣加工过程中的颤振问题,首先,根据镜像铣加工特点,建立工艺系统颤振稳定性极限的预测模型;其次,通过有限元方法对蒙皮工件进行模态分析,分析蒙皮不同加工位置动力学特性变化导致的铣削稳定性变化,并通过实验测量获取工件动力学参数,对不同加工位置的稳定性做出预测;最后,开展加工实验,基于非接触测量方法,在线监测镜像铣加工区域的振动位移,通过时、频域信号对加工状态进行辨识,揭示了镜像铣加工过程的稳定性变化及失稳机制,验证了所提方法的准确性,在工程领域具有较高的实用价值。