纳米电子时代可靠性研究的挑战

为了适应未来的发展．我们除了要在一些重要的前沿研究领域探索和发现跨学科的关系，还必须要在可靠性方面获得重大突破。当今的设计和制造技术在一段时间内已经渐渐地从微米时代发展到纳米时代．但是，可靠性方面的进展却没有跟上这样的发展步伐。     

通讯—导航—识别综合系统中导航功能的实现

同步时分多址系统,根据接收到的同一网络中用户的讯号,可以以很高的精度完成讯号到达时间的测量。以此为基础,在通讯系统中增加一些软件模块,可以完成相对导航功能。如果网络中的某些用户,具有准确已知的地理位置,也可以提供绝对导航功能。本文论述相对导航的实现方式,并对其中的主要误差来源进行了讨论。     

Life support system with autonomous control employing plant photosynthesis

This research was aimed at obtaining a closed control system. This was achieved by placing all the technological processes providing for human vital activities within the hermetically sealed space, and by transferring the entire control and guidance of these processes to people inhabiting the system. In contrast to existing biological life support systems, man has been included not only as a participant of metabolism, but as an operator who is the central figure in collecting information, making decisions and controlling all technological processes. To tackle this problem, the "BIOS-3" experimental complex was created for performing long-term experiments using different structures of biological life-support system. The experiment lasted six months and consisted of three stages. During the first stage the system was comprised of two equivalent phytotrons with the culture of wheat and an assortment of vegetable plants, and the living compartment. At the second stage, one of the phytotrons was removed while a compartment of chlorella cultivators was introduced. The third stage differed from the second, the former using wheat phytotron and the latter employing phytotron with an assortment of vegetable cultures. Three men inhabited the system simultaneously. The experiment demonstrated that a biological life support system controlled autonomously from the inside is feasible within a small confined space. However, immunological and microbiological research shows, that the medium created by the system is not fully adequate for man. In conclusion, some prospects have been outlined for further studies of biological life support systems.     

中国航空工业总公司机构组建完毕总公司任命各部门负责人

按照国务院批准的机构组建方案,中国航空工业总公司机关14个部门组建完毕,总公司于日前任命了机关各部门负责人。     

Engineering challenges to the long term operation of the International Space Station

The U.S. Congress has maintained an intense interest in the ISS program since its inception. In the Appropriations Act of 1997, the Senate of the United States included language directing National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to have the National Research Council (NRC) under take a study that evaluates the engineering challenges posed by extravehicular activity (EVA) requirements, United States and non-United States space launch requirements, the potential need to upgrade or replace equipment and components after Assembly Complete, and the requirement to decommission and disassemble the facility. NASA and the NRC decided the focus should be on the anticipated challenges in the continuous operation and maintenance of the ISS after assembly of the on-orbit facility has been completed. This would encompass the operational years, from late 2004 (if the current schedule holds) to 2020-2025. This executive summary overviews the results of this NRC study. It focuses on the U.S. operation of the ISS after Assembly Complete, including cooperative efforts by the United States and Russia. The paper summarizes the primary findings and recommendations in each of the areas considered during this two-year NRC study.     

嫦娥四号任务科学目标和有效载荷配置

嫦娥四号探测器由中继星、着陆器和巡视器组成.其科学目标为:月基低频射电天文观测研究,月球背面巡视区浅层结构探测研究以及月球背面巡视区形貌与矿物组分探测研究.共配置6台有效载荷设备,其中3台载荷设备配置在着陆器上,分别为降落相机、地形地貌相机和低频射电谱仪,其余3台配置在巡视器上,分别为全景相机、测月雷达和红外成像光谱仪.本文主要论述了嫦娥四号任务的科学目标、着陆区概况、有效载荷配置及系统设计、各有效载荷任务和主要技术指标等.      

规则波浪对水下航行体出水姿态参数的影响

基于边界元方法建立了水下航行体出水姿态计算模型，包括各控制方程及边界条件，采用截平面方法对航行体出水模型进行了简化处理，并将所得结果和实验数据进行比对，发现二者符合良好，验证了数值模型的有效性。运用边界元法研究了规则波浪参数（波高、浪向、周期、相位）对出水姿态的影响。研究结果表明，波高影响波浪力幅值大小，对出水姿态参数有着直接的影响，波高越大对出水姿态参数的影响越大；浪向、初相位和周期主要影响流体质点的运动方向，改变波浪附加惯性力，影响波浪力对出水姿态参数的作用效果；受到出水相位的影响，出水俯仰角和俯仰角速度呈余弦变化规律；随着周期的增大，周期对航行体出水姿态参数的影响逐渐减小，此时，相同波高下出水姿态参数只受到出水相位的影响。     

“超重-星箭”的“猛禽”发动机

<正>“强结构、弱动力”是猎鹰-9 (Falcon-9)火箭的印记,“弱结构,强动力”则是“超重-星舰”(Superheavy Starship)的标志。“超重-星舰”的箭体结构并不出色,它的厉害之处实际上是“猛禽”(Raptor)全流量液氧甲烷火箭发动机。“猛禽”发动机被国外评为了目前世界上发动机的性能之王,它是世界上第一款实用化飞行的全流量分级燃烧火箭发动机。1 “超重-星舰”介绍“超重-星舰”是目前世界上最强的运载飞行器,为两级完全可重复使用运载器。     

Ti/CFRP超混杂层板的研究与应用展望

Ti/CFRP超混杂层板具有高比强度、高损伤容限及优异的疲劳性能,是航空航天领域的重要选材对象之一。界面性能决定了层板综合力学性能的好坏,是Ti/CFRP层板目前的研究热点。首先综述了钛和钛合金不同表面处理工艺;然后介绍了Ti/CFRP层板力学性能试验及理论预报的研究现状;最后通过分析Ti/CFRP层板航空航天领域的现有应用情况,展望了Ti/CFRP层板未来潜在的应用方向。     

复合材料薄板结构中的声学黑洞效应探究

声学黑洞（ABH）作为一种新型波操控技术，通过裁剪结构厚度以实现波能量的聚集与耗散，在工程结构的减振降噪、能量回收等方面具有很好的应用前景。碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）具有质量轻、高比强度和比模量的特点，广泛应用于航空工程结构中。为了探究复合材料结构中的ABH效应，本文针对内嵌式的碳纤维复合材料ABH薄板结构（CFRP-ABH），利用有限元方法验证了其能量聚集效应，并探究了铺层角度对能量聚集效应的影响。另外，通过仿真计算和实验测试，研究分析了CFRP-ABH结构的动力学特性。结果表明，在200～3 000 Hz的频率范围内，CFRP-ABH结构的振动水平相对于均匀厚度板有5～18 dB的降低，表现出优秀的宽频减振性能。