ENRZ码特性综述

本文对用于磁带记录的增强不归零码(ENRZ)的特性作了概述。给出了码的主要别性的定义,并在必要之处与竞争的记录码型作了比较。对如何获得最大的记录密度又不滥用磁带记录通道的有限的带宽这一问题作了相当深入的研究。提出了几种目前实地使用着的多磁道消扭格式标准结系,通过率可以达到20MBPS。描述了为把低尖磁带的误码率降到10~(-10)而采取的检错与纠错技术。     

冲压发动机试验和模拟技术

模拟冲压发动机工作状态的流动条件需要独特的地面试验能力、暂冲式吹风试车台是一个经济设备,它能满足高流量和高压力比的要求。污染空气加热器提供了一种灵活而廉价的模拟弹道温度变化的有效方法。自由射流试验中,适当地模拟进口流动条件对发动机研制起着很重要的作用。本文讨论了冲压发动机地面试验要求,评论了直联式与自由射流的试验中模拟可用参数的方法,描述了满足气动模拟要求的技术与设备,并已证实是有效的。     

应用技术卫星的远地点发动机总结报告

本报告记述了应用技术卫星(ATS)远地点发动机的设计、研制、鉴定和飞行试验。这一远地点发动机用来把 NASA 哥达特航天中心(GSFC)的 ATS 卫星从椭园轨道送入近同步轨道。总体对于燃烧过程中的推力向量和对燃烧前后的动平衡的要求都是很高、很严格的。所以研制阶段中主要问题是制造高精度部件。研制阶段试验中,安排了一系列试车,以进一步确定制造工艺,部件设计以及在模拟发射和宇宙空间环境条件下的发动机生存能力,并确定发动机的初步性能特性。鉴定试验由八发高空模拟试车组成,自旋速率100周/分,药温保持在.5℃或38℃,用来确定发动机准确的性能参数。     

土星磁层顶的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性和磁流体表面波

本文采用可压缩磁流体力学近似并选取Voyager-1的观测数据,讨论了土星磁层顶的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性和磁流体表面波.计算表明,土星磁层随星体自转同磁鞘流之间的速度差,可以在地方时午前、中午和距中午不远的午后磁层顶激发不稳定性;午前和午后区有很强的非对称性.计算所得的波的特性与观测一致.      

Interplanetary transfer of photosynthesis: an experimental demonstration of a selective dispersal filter in planetary island biogeography

We launched a cryptoendolithic habitat, made of a gneissic impactite inoculated with Chroococcidiopsis sp., into Earth orbit. After orbiting the Earth for 16 days, the rock entered the Earth's atmosphere and was recovered in Kazakhstan. The heat of entry ablated and heated the rock to a temperature well above the upper temperature limit for life to below the depth at which light levels are insufficient for photosynthetic organisms ( approximately 5 mm), thus killing all of its photosynthetic inhabitants. This experiment shows that atmospheric transit acts as a strong biogeographical dispersal filter to the interplanetary transfer of photosynthesis. Following atmospheric entry we found that a transparent, glassy fusion crust had formed on the outside of the rock. Re-inoculated Chroococcidiopsis grew preferentially under the fusion crust in the relatively unaltered gneiss beneath. Organisms under the fusion grew approximately twice as fast as the organisms on the control rock. Thus, the biologically destructive effects of atmospheric transit can generate entirely novel and improved endolithic habitats for organisms on the destination planetary body that survive the dispersal filter. The experiment advances our understanding of how island biogeography works on the interplanetary scale.     

Origin of informational polymers and the search for non-terran life: protection of the polymeric state of DNA by phosphate minerals

An in-depth analysis of the effects exerted on the DNA backbone by 25 crystal phosphate minerals is reported. Degradation of DNA oligomers was performed with two different reactions: Hydrolysis following Nucleophilic Degradation (HND), initiated by the nucleophilic addition of formamide on both purine and pyrimidine nucleobases, and Hydrolysis following Nucleophilic Substitution (HNS) carried on by water and starting with the removal of a nondegraded base. A complete panel of effects on the phosphoester bonds, from protection to enhanced instability to absence of interference, is described. These effects differ in the different degradation pathways and in different physical-chemical conditions. The relationship between the hardness of the mineral and its protective ability is discussed. In addition to its interest per se, this study was prompted by the observed catalytic abilities of soluble and mineral phosphates (Saladino et al., 2006c) on the synthetic reactions by formamide. The relevance of these observations in the search for nonterran life is discussed.     

Structure of low-head two-phase flow in flat nozzles during outflow of the liquid into rarefied medium

Outcomes of experimental researches of the low-pressure adiabatic flow of the boiling liquid through two-dimensional Laval nozzles in a vacuum atmosphere were adduced. Requirements of critical conditions of flow were determined. Structural forms of a stream were investigated and their connection with crisis of flow was shown. It was established periodic non-stationary macrostructures of a stream which was stipulated by the rotational gear of origin of a vapor phase.      

风力机叶片表面压力分布测量

本文给出了一个直径为5.35米的水平轴风力机在中国空气动力研究与发展中心12米×16米风洞试验段中进行的叶片表面压力分布的测量结果。在 Re 数从4×10~5至1.2×10~6的范围内,测量了叶片上八个剖面的压力分布。同时还用内式六分量天平测量了风轮的推力和功率。试验结果表明:风轮叶片根部处的载荷高于理论计算值,而叶尖处的载荷则低于理论计算值;叶素-动量理论对风轮最大功率预估偏低,而在高叶尖速比下,它对风轮的功率和推力预估偏高。测压试验结果与测力试验结果符合一致。     

海上舰船目标的机载高分辨率ISAR成像

本文提出了机载高分辨率二维逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)对舰船目标的侧视成像问题。通过采用舰船运动的简单模型，避免了采用高级的联合-时间频率(JTF)变换。研究了包括运动估计与校正、最佳处理时间与持续时间估计以及目标形状提取的鲁棒处理方案。强调了这样一个事实，即该处理的鲁棒性造就了单个ISAR成像分析而不必由一组雷达图像进行数据融合。     

Shareable Instruments and Observatories for the Joint Research Center on Space Weather of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Sciences

Presented are the ideas and proposals in regards to the pooling of by RAS, SB, ISTP, and CSSAR,CAS toward coordinated usage of existing ground-based and orbiting helio-geophysical observatories, single large installations as well as creating, forecasting services and new observing facilities, in the interests of achieving a profitable activity of the China-Russia Joint Research Center on Space Weather (JRCSW).