地球观测系统时代之后的成像光谱技术

地球观测系统(EOS)时代将向地球系统科学遥感界提供有关大气、陆地表面和海洋间相互作用的大量新信息。由EOS-1平台上的高分辨率成像光谱仪(HIRIS)等仪器提供的高光谱和空间分辨率图像将成为EOS数据集的重要组成部分。可以预料,利用EOS可以进一步认识地球,但也要求未来的传感器比现有的这一代传感器具有更高的灵活性和测量能力。声光可调谐滤光器(AOTF′S)良好的光谱灵活性、偏振选择性及简单性预示着它在未来的成像光谱仪上的重要应用。AOTF′S是致密、紧固的固态晶体,它可对两种偏振态进行快速的(毫秒级)、电控的光谱调谐。本文将讨论基于AOTF的成像光谱仪的基本原理。     

用于NASA TOPEX卫星的GPS演示接收机的设计和预期性能

NASA 海洋地形测量实验(TOPEX)卫星用于海洋地形的测绘TOPEX 卫星将装载一种以应用 GPS 为基础的实验跟踪系统。整个实验使用星载 GPS 演示接收机(GPSDR)和位于精确地点的10台接收机网。本项定位技术将同时完成 TOPEX 和 GPS 的轨道调整,TOPEX 的测高精度达亚分米级。本文介绍 TOPEX 计划及其精度要求,重点讨论 GPSDR 的设计,包括软件和硬件。同时也讨论接收机的跟踪及导航性能等问题。     

处理几何学在SAR原始数据聚焦中的作用

合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统要求对接收的回波信号(原始数据)进行聚焦处理以生成高分辨率微波图像。由于平台姿态的不稳定性，或者是由于地球自转效应都可能造成在“倾斜”的坐标系中获取SAR原始数据，即发射接收波束对于正测向存在偏向角。本研究报告利用以条带模式工作的SAR传感器所获得的斜视原始数据，分析了聚焦处理的效果。最后，关于圆锥形非正交参考系统，概括了二维频域SAR处理法。在根据要求选定的处理坐标系中，对由原始数据处理而来的图像，分析了几何、频谱、相位的误差。并证实所用聚焦处理使这些误差为最小值。依据仿真数据求得的实验结果证实了全部理论。而且，还研究了把这种分析推广到偏差具有显著作用的干涉测量的情况。     

价值工程的合同方面

本文以叙述合同要求,各种形式的价值工程计划和建议,以及规定的分享条款的形式等来阐述价值工程的合同方面的问题.为了说明如何实际运用价值工程合同的概念和降低成本的计算方法,以及如何在政府和雷锡恩公司之间分享节余的方法,本文将重点阐明价值工程变更提案的主要部分.多年来,为了简化价值工程条款,防务采办条例(DAR)已修正了多次.本文是根据最近修改的DAR写成的,参照的文件为《防务采办通报》,DAC76—26,1980年     

Analytical definition and proposed concept for the manned infrastructure of a lunar outpost

A recent study made by ESA has reviewed the scientific investigations to be only, or best, performed on the Moon (Return to the Moon, ESA SP-1150, June 1992), and has identified the need for a manned lunar outpost to provide support to field geologists in sampling and in-situ observations of the lunar surface, and to allow the refurbishments of surface stations and rovers. Planning and development for a manned outpost on the Moon requires an in-depth understanding and analysis of the functions this outpost is expected to perform. We therefore analyzed the impact of the proposed scientific investigations on the design of a manned lunar outpost. The specific questions raised in our study were: What are the medical, physiological and psychological risks for a crew to stay and to work on the Moon? What transit and lunar surface infrastructures (habitats and vehicles) are needed to minimize those risks?     

Adaptational changes in the neural control of cardiorespiratory function in a confined environment: the CNEC#3 experiment

The goal of the study was to characterize the changes in neurovegetative control of the circulation, attending the presumed physiological and psychological stress originated by the isolation and confinement typical of the living condition of space stations, as simulated in a ground based unit, using time and frequency domain analysis. As a secondary goal we sought to verify the implementation of real time data acquisition, for off line spectral analisys of R-R interval, systolic arterial pressure (by Finapres) and respiration (by PVF2 piezoelectric sensors).

We addressed the cardiorespiratory and neurovegetative responses to standardized, simple Stressors (active standing, dynamic and static handgrip) on the EXEMSI 92 crew, before, during and after the isolation period.

On average the appropriate excitatory responses (to stand, dynamic and static handgrip) were elicited also in isolation and confinement.

Active standing and small masses muscular exercises are easy to be performed in a confined and isolated environment and provide a valuable tool for investigating the adaptational changes in neural control mechanisms.

The possibility there exists of using this time and frequency domain approach to monitor the level of performance and well being of the space crew in (quasi) real time.     

Meteors do not break exogenous organic molecules into high yields of diatomics

Meteoroids that dominate the Earth's extraterrestrial mass influx (50-300 microm size range) may have contributed a unique blend of exogenous organic molecules at the time of the origin of life. Such meteoroids are so large that most of their mass is ablated in the Earth's atmosphere. In the process, organic molecules are decomposed and chemically altered to molecules differently from those delivered to the Earth's surface by smaller (<50 microm) micrometeorites and larger (>10 cm) meteorites. The question addressed here is whether the organic matter in these meteoroids is fully decomposed into atoms or diatomic compounds during ablation. If not, then the ablation products made available for prebiotic organic chemistry, and perhaps early biology, might have retained some memory of their astrophysical nature. To test this hypothesis we searched for CN emission in meteor spectra in an airborne experiment during the 2001 Leonid meteor storm. We found that the meteor's light-emitting air plasma, which included products of meteor ablation, contained less than 1 CN molecule for every 30 meteoric iron atoms. This contrasts sharply with the nitrogen/iron ratio of 1:1.2 in the solid matter of comet 1P/Halley. Unless the nitrogen content or the abundance of complex organic matter in the Leonid parent body, comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, differs from that in comet 1P/Halley, it appears that very little of that organic nitrogen decomposes into CN molecules during meteor ablation in the rarefied flow conditions that characterize the atmospheric entry of meteoroids approximately 50 microm-10 cm in size. We propose that the organics of such meteoroids survive instead as larger compounds.     

惯性顶级固体进推剂的研制与鉴定

本文介绍了惯性顶级(IUS)固体火箭发动机用的丁羟推进剂及推进剂/包复层/绝热层界而系统的研制情况及生产历程;介绍了根据发动机设计要求选择推进剂配方的情况和推进剂的主要性能;还介绍了研制期间对配方和工艺的某些小的修改及修改原因。本文亦讨论了推进剂/包复层/绝热层的界面系统,包括包复层化学的主要特性和控制迁移现象以提高粘结系统的完整性的方法。     

用作推进剂组份的丁二烯与二茂铁衍生物共聚的端羟基共聚物

本文介绍了乙烯基二茂铁与丁二烯的共聚物及其制备方法。当从偶氮—双—(2——甲基——5——羟基——戊腈),偶氮一双——(羟乙基——2——甲基丙酸酯)和偶氮——双——(2——甲基——3——羟基——丙腈)偶氮类引发剂中,选择一种引发剂引发进行聚合时,在有机溶剂中生成共聚物。该共聚物可用作固体推进剂配方的粘合剂,并用来提高固体推进剂的燃速。     

CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation

Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years. The group selected four commercial sectors that show the most promise for the future: tourism, entertainment, space system service, assembly and debris removal, and research and development/production. The content of this document presents the results of their research. Historical activities in each of the commercial sectors are reviewed along with the current market situation. To provide a coherent background for future commercialization possibilities a scenario has been developed. This scenario includes a postulated upon ideal future and includes social, political and economic factors that may affect the space industry over the timeline of the study. The study also presents a roadmap, within the limited optimistic scenario developed, for the successful commercialization of space leading to future human presence in space. A broad range of commercially viable opportunities, not only within the current limits of the International Space Station, but also among the many new developments that are expected by 2021 are discussed.