Simulation Tools for a Fiber-Optic Based Structural Health Monitoring System

Probability of detection(POD)graphics allow for a change from qualitative to quantitative assessment for every damage detection system,and as such it is a main request for conventional non-destructive testing(NDT)techniques.Its availability can greatly help towards the industrialization of the corresponding Structural health monitoring(SHM)system.But having in mind that for SHM systems the sensors are at fixed positions,and the location of a potential damage would change its detectability.Consequently robust simulation tools are required to obtain the model assisted probability of detection(MAPOD)which is needed to validate the SHM system.This tool may also help for the optimization of the sensor distribution,and finally will allow a probabilistic risk management.INDEUS,simulation of ultrasonic waves SHM system,was a main milestone in this direction.This article deals with the simulation tools for a strain based SHM system,using fiber optic sensors(FOS).FOS are essentially strain/temperature sensors,either with multi-point or with distributed sensing.The simulation tool includes the finite element model(FEM)for the original and damaged structure,and algorithms to compare the strain data at the pre-established sensors locations,and from this comparison to extract information about damage occurrence and location.The study has been applied to the structure of an all-composite unmanned aircraft vehicle(UAV)now under construction,designed at Universidad Politecnica de Madrid for the inspection of electrical utilities networks.Distributed sensing optical fibers were internally bonded at the fuselage and wing.Routine inspection is planned to be done with the aircraft at the test bench by imposing known loads.From the acquired strain data,damage occurrence may be calculated as slight deviations from the baselines.This is a fast inspection procedure without requiring trained specialists,and it would allow for detection of hidden damages.Simulation indicates that stringer partial debondings are detected before they become critical,while small delaminations as those produced by barely visible impact damages would require a prohibited number of sensing lines.These simulation tools may easily be applied to any other complex structure,just by changing the FEM models.From these results it is shown how a fiber optic based SHM system may be used as a reliable damage detection procedure.     

SPOT—4卫星HRVIR工程模型达标

对ＳＰＯＴ－４卫星上的高分辨率可见光／红外成像仪（ＨＲＶＩＲ）的测试目前已告一段落，全部指标均已达到。本文在一般性介绍这种多光谱相机之后，对探测装置、电子系统及探测器拼接及配准所需的相关设备做进一步详细的描述、突出强调新型短波红外通道的温控和机械设计的重要性及配准星上全部通道的优点。     

海南地区强磁暴期间强区域扩展F事件研究

利用2004年海南DPS-4数字测高仪观测到的强区域扩展F(SSF)数据,分析研究了5个强磁暴(Dst＜-100 nT)事件期间海南SSF的响应特征.结果发现,在海南地区,5个强磁暴事件中有3个磁暴Dst最小值位于2200-0200 LT之间,在磁暴主相及恢复相初期均出现了SSF现象,这种触发作用可能源于磁层直接渗透电场的作用,而另两个磁暴Dst最小值均发生在白天,一个SSF现象出现在磁暴的恢复相晚间,另一个SSF现象出现在超强磁暴的初相晚间,后者可能由该超强磁暴的急始造成的直接渗透电场所触发;5个强磁暴期间发生的SSF现象或者仅出现在午夜前,或者先出现在午夜前并持续到午夜后;同时,还就这些观测结果与Dabas等人有关磁暴对ESF影响的结论进行对比和讨论.     

壁压法低速风洞洞壁干扰修正

 对于低速风洞中大模型、大迎角以及一般具有分离流的情况,本文采用壁压测量用影响函数法计算了洞壁干扰,并进行了实验验证.计算与实验表明,本文的计算是可靠的提供的曲线数据可供实际使用。     

1980年5月21日—22日耀斑后冕拱(Post-flare coronal arch)的加热机制和稳定性

本文提出了快撕裂模加热是1980年5月21日—22日耀斑后冕拱长达10多小时的有效加热机制。作者计算了撕裂模所提供的能量和相应的增长率,并讨论了该冕拱的MHD平衡和稳定性问题,主要结论如下:1.对5月21日冕拱,当密度取1.6×109cm-3（实测值）时,剪切宽度α_α=1.8×108cm（冕拱小半径的十分之一）剪切磁场为18—32×10-4T,所对应的增长率为1.79×10-5s-1—2.66×10-5s-1,不稳定的增长时间为15.5h—10.4h,这组解与观测到的冕拱存在10多小时相符。所以,撕裂模是冕拱合理的有效加热机制。2.该冕拱之所以维持10多小时之久,除撕裂模加热与辐射损失平衡外,在力学上必须处于平衡态,其平衡条件为B_φ（冕拱轴向磁场）=2B_θ（冕拱的环向场）,和气压梯度dp/dr大于零。若冕拱满足该力学平衡条件,则利用能量原理可得到该系统对腊肠扰动、扭曲扰动、螺旋扰动均是稳定的。      

Influence of Fast Global Variations of Solar Magnetic Fields on Space Weather in Cycle 23

It is established that the large-scale and global magnetic fields in the Sun's atmosphere do not change smoothly, and long-lasting periods of gradual variations are superseded by fast structural changes of the global magnetic field. Periods of fast global changes on the Sun are accompanied by anomalous manifestations in the interplanetary space and in the geomagnetic field. There is a regular recurrence of these periods in each cycle of solar activity, and the periods are characterized by enhanced flaring activity that reflects fast changes in magnetic structures. Is demonstrated, that the fast changes have essential influencing on a condition of space weather, as most strong geophysical disturbances are connected to sporadic phenomena on the Sun. An explanation has been offered for the origin of anomalous geomagnetic disturbances that are unidentifiable in traditionally used solar activity indices. Is shown, main physical mechanism that leads to fast variations of the magnetic fields in the Sun's atmosphere is the reconnection process.     

雷锡恩公司的价值工程计划

价值工程是在事实形成之前、之后,或在形成的过程中,用集体工作分析成本和工程的方法来辨别出不必要的成本费用.用这一系统的有效性要依靠对用户的训练和技能的了解,以及了解在价值工程运用环境中的所有有关业务人员.它把工程、制造和采购注意力集中到一个目标上去——以较低成本达到所需性能.以此为中心,它用下列方法提供逐步改进所有起作用的部门的成本有效性:防止不必要的成本进入产品中;将存在的成本问题转变成额外的利润.     

用四个开路/短路器校准多端口反射计

本文介绍一种采用四个已知反射系数的反射标准来校准任意的实际多端口反射计的简化方法。文中表明,这四个标准反射系数的模值可以使之都等于1。计算机模拟证明,反射系数的相位分布,在很宽范同内,对理想的和非理想的五端口和六端口反射计,不会出现奇异性(Singularity)。列出了对一种实际的简单六端口的一组校准结果,以表明这种校准过程;利用这些已校准的网络参数得出了某些测量结果,并与美国国家标准局(NBS)所测得的数值进行了比较。计算机模拟结果和实际的结果值表明,在多端口校准过程中可能碰到的那些数值上的奇异性不是多端口的固有特性,而是与数学处理有关。