Influence of the gravitational vertical on geometric visual illusions

The occurrence of geometric orientation illusions and the perception of ambiguous figures were analyzed in 24 subjects during static body tilt relative to gravity on Earth. Results showed that illusions such as the Rock's diamond/square, the Ponzo illusion, and orientation contrast illusions occurred less frequently, and that depth reversal of ambiguous figures took more time when subjects were lying on their side or supine compared to upright, thus suggesting that the gravitational reference plays a significant role in these “visual” illusions. The structure of images, our representation of the environment, and orientation relative to gravity are all integral parts in interpreting visual images. In a weightless environment where no gravitational reference can be used, it is expected that similar alterations in visual perception will occur.     

COSAC onboard Rosetta: a bioastronomy experiment for the short-period comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

The COSAC (Cometary Sampling and Composition Experiment) onboard the Rosetta mission is a combined gas chromatograph (GC)-mass spectrometer (MS). It is situated on Philae, the lander of the mission, which is intended to land on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko. The purpose of the experiment is to analyze the volatile fraction of soil samples retrieved by a drill. For investigation, the samples will be pyrolysed, and the emanating gases fed into a GC, into an MS, or the combination of both. In the first part of this paper, the bioastronomical relevance of such measurements is outlined. In the second part the details of the hardware and its performance are described.     

对某型计算机分组件进行深度修理的研究

介绍了计算机分组件的组成和功能,分析破译了计算机自检程序工作流程;对关键芯片的功能、工作时序、功能板卡的原理及工作时序进行测绘分析,在这些测试分析的基础上制定确立各板卡测试参数及技术指标。依据各板卡的工作原理对各路数据及控制信号的工作时序进行测试,通过对比分析时序波形,确认电路器件正常与否,快速准确定位故障芯片及元器件,实现故障计算机分组件的元器件级修复。     

用最佳旋转轴方法形成误差信号的飞行器姿态控制系统

本文重点讨论采用所谓最佳旋转轴方法来形成飞行器纵轴指向控制的误差信号,对于绕飞行器纵轴本身转动的控制主要讨论了滚动稳定和倾斜稳定两种情况下误差信号的形成。详细推导了它们的计算公式。作为这个方法应用的例子,我们还讨论了如果飞行器上安装一个三轴平台或一组捷联式速率陀螺时,怎样由它们敏感的信号形成姿态控制误差信号,并给出了相应的姿态控制系统原理结构图。     

Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Solar Wind, Foreshock and Magnetosheath： Cluster Data Analysis

46 magnetosheath crossing events from the two years (2001.2-2003.1) of Cluster magnetic field measurements are identified and used to investigate the characters of the magnetic field fluctuations in the regions of undisturbed solar wind, foreshock, magnetosheath. The preliminary results indicate the properties of the plasma turbulence in the magnetosheath are strongly controlled by IMF orientation with respect to the bow shock normal. The amplitude of the magnetic field magnitude and direction variations behind quasi-parallel bow shock are larger than those behind quasi-perpendicular bow shock. Almost purely compressional waves are found in quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath.     

基于UG下多轴数控机床后处理的实现

本文以特定数控机床Mikron-UCP-800Duro为研究对象,首先了解机床结构和技术参数,其次研究了其后置处理算法,最后在UG NX提供的后处理构造器中借助TCL语言编写了适合机床本身加工特点的后处理文件。目的使UG生成的G代码文件能与机床匹配,提高加工效率和质量。     

Survival of Bacillus pumilus spores for a prolonged period of time in real space conditions

To prevent forward contamination and maintain the scientific integrity of future life-detection missions, it is important to characterize and attempt to eliminate terrestrial microorganisms associated with exploratory spacecraft and landing vehicles. Among the organisms isolated from spacecraft-associated surfaces, spores of Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 exhibited unusually high resistance to decontamination techniques such as UV radiation and peroxide treatment. Subsequently, B. pumilus SAFR-032 was flown to the International Space Station (ISS) and exposed to a variety of space conditions via the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF). After 18 months of exposure in the EXPOSE facility of the European Space Agency (ESA) on EuTEF under dark space conditions, SAFR-032 spores showed 10-40% survivability, whereas a survival rate of 85-100% was observed when these spores were kept aboard the ISS under dark simulated martian atmospheric conditions. In contrast, when UV (>110?nm) was applied on SAFR-032 spores for the same time period and under the same conditions used in EXPOSE, a ～7-log reduction in viability was observed. A parallel experiment was conducted on Earth with identical samples under simulated space conditions. Spores exposed to ground simulations showed less of a reduction in viability when compared with the "real space" exposed spores (～3-log reduction in viability for "UV-Mars," and ～4-log reduction in viability for "UV-Space"). A comparative proteomics analysis indicated that proteins conferring resistant traits (superoxide dismutase) were present in higher concentration in space-exposed spores when compared to controls. Also, the first-generation cells and spores derived from space-exposed samples exhibited elevated UVC resistance when compared with their ground control counterparts. The data generated are important for calculating the probability and mechanisms of microbial survival in space conditions and assessing microbial contaminants as risks for forward contamination and in situ life detection.     

Microbial stowaways: inimitable survivors or hopeless pioneers?

Abstract The resiliency of prokaryotic life has provided colonization across the globe and in the recesses of Earth's most extreme environments. Horizontal gene transfer provides access to a global bank of genetic resources that creates diversity and allows real-time adaptive potential to the clonal prokaryotic world. We assess the likelihood that this Earth-based strategy could provide survival and adaptive potential, in the case of microbial stowaways off Earth. Key Words: Bacillus-Horizontal gene transfer-Bacteria-Earth Mars-Evolution. Astrobiology 12, 710-715.     

潜艇标模阻力试验的不确定度分析

为了改善拖曳水池的试验精度,对一条4.5m 潜艇标模 SUBOFF 进行重复拖曳阻力试验。本文参照 IT-TC 推荐规程中试验流体动力学不确定度分析规范,对由偏差极限引起的不确定度将由潜艇标模的几个外形、速度、阻力、以及温度、密度和粘性这几个测量系统分别进行估算;通过6次重复潜艇标模阻力试验结果的标准差分析,得到了摩擦阻力系数、总阻力系数的精密度极限;最后对该模型的摩擦阻力系数、总阻力系数进行了不确定度分析。结果表明:由温度引起的运动粘性系数的偏差极限占到摩擦阻力系数偏差极限的97%;总阻力系数的偏差极限98%来自于湿表面积的偏差极限;随着试验速度的提高,总阻力系数和剩余阻力系数的总不确定度降低。