利用区间广义卡尔曼滤波器跟踪来袭弹道式导弹

用雷达跟踪来袭弹道式导弹,由于其运动模型、测量噪声的不确定性,成为需要研究的重要问题。经典广义卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)不再适用于这种不确定的问题,因此,引入一种新的区间广义卡尔曼德波(EIKF)方法来跟踪导弹系统。计算机仿真结果表明本EIKF算法对于这种不确定的、非线性弹道式导弹的测量问题是有效的。     

ELITE-S2: the multifactorial movement analysis facility for the International Space Station

Experimental observations of adaptation processes of the motor control system to altered gravity conditions can provide useful elements to the investigations on the mechanisms underlying motor control of human subject. The microgravity environment obtained on orbital flights represents a unique experimental condition for the monitoring of motor adaptation. The research in motor control exploits the changes caused by microgravity on the overall sensorimotor process, due to the impairment of the sensory systems whose function depends upon the presence of the gravity vector. Motor control in microgravity has been investigated during parabolic flights and short-term space missions, in particular for analysis of movement-posture co-ordination when equilibrium is no longer a constraint. Analysis of long-term adaptation would also be very interesting, calling for long-term body motion observations during the process of complete motor adaptation to the weightlessness environment. ELITE-S2 is an innovative facility for quantitative human movement analysis in weightless conditions onboard the International Space Station (ISS). ELITE-S2 is being developed by the Italian Space Agency, ASI is to be delivering the flight models to NASA to be included in an expressed rack in US Lab Module in February 2004. First mission is currently planned for summer 2004 (increment 10 ULF 2 ISS).     

Hydrogeologic controls on episodic H2 release from precambrian fractured rocks--energy for deep subsurface life on earth and mars

Dissolved H(2) concentrations up to the mM range and H(2) levels up to 9-58% by volume in the free gas phase are reported for groundwaters at sites in the Precambrian shields of Canada and Finland. Along with previously reported dissolved H(2) concentrations up to 7.4 mM for groundwaters from the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa, these findings indicate that deep Precambrian Shield fracture waters contain some of the highest levels of dissolved H(2) ever reported and represent a potentially important energy-rich environment for subsurface microbial life. The delta (2)H isotope signatures of H(2) gas from Canada, Finland, and South Africa are consistent with a range of H(2)-producing water-rock reactions, depending on the geologic setting, which include both serpentinization and radiolysis. In Canada and Finland, several of the sites are in Archean greenstone belts characterized by ultramafic rocks that have under-gone serpentinization and may be ancient analogues for serpentinite-hosted gases recently reported at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field and other hydrothermal seafloor deposits. The hydrogeologically isolated nature of these fracture-controlled groundwater systems provides a mechanism whereby the products of water-rock interaction accumulate over geologic timescales, which produces correlations between high H(2) levels, abiogenic hydrocarbon signatures, and the high salinities and highly altered delta (18)O and delta (2)H values of these groundwaters. A conceptual model is presented that demonstrates how periodic opening of fractures and resultant mixing control the distribution and supply of H(2) and support a microbial community of H(2)-utilizing sulfate reducers and methanogens.     

超导腔稳频红宝石激射器振荡器

本文介绍一种新型全致冷频率源——超导腔稳频激射器振荡器(SCSMD)的稳定度分析、性能及设计。文中还将介绍该振荡器的各个部件的实验研究结果。它将充分证明采用这一技术方案有可能使频率稳定度达到优于△f/f=10~(-17)的水平。以前设计超导腔稳频振荡器,采用低温下的铌腔与室温下的微波电子器件相结合的方案。但据报道这种方案所能达到的最佳频率稳定度仅为△f/f=3×10~(-16)。这主要是因电子系统与腔体互连的部分不稳定影响了长期性能。但全致冷的方案却不存在这一问题,因为热膨胀系数被冻结(freezing-out)以及完全没有热梯度。红宝石激射器在目前所有微波放大器中噪声温度最低(1.5k),看来它是用于全致冷振荡器的较理想的器件。它的有效输出功率(～10~(-7)W/cm~3在4.2k)足以用来进行时间长于一秒的测量。另外,它具有相当高的增益(Q_m=-100)使得仅需振荡器与稳定腔之间保持很弱的耦合即可。此外,它本身的功耗也很小,即使在低至1k时也能与腔体工作在同一温度环境条件下。但激射器的工作和调谐却需外加磁场,这就产生了一个很重要的技术问题,即需要对超导腔加以磁屏蔽,同时磁场的变化还将产生频率的牵引。为此,文中介绍了采用多腔方案来解决这一问题。该方案将红宝石部件与超导腔隔开一段距离。我们还将谈到具有较大频率牵引效应的低Q腔稳定的激射器振荡器的频率稳定度。最后,本文将介绍有关研制结构最坚固的超导腔的结果。兰宝石的热膨胀系数仅为铌的百分之一,其微波损耗在1.5k时,目前已达的最低值为7×10~(-10)。在兰宝石上镀超导体的谐振腔可达(按设计要求值)Q=10~8。     

计算机分析加快了波纹喇叭设计

当波纹喇叭天线的张角、轴长和直径给出后,利用写成BASIC语言的计算机程序可以很快地预知天线辐射方向图。