ESA's Biopan 1--"Vitamin" experiment preliminary results

The purpose of “Vitamin” experiment is to study the efficiency of protective substances on three biological acellular systems aqueous solutions exposed to cosmic radiation in space. The first system “LDL”is a low density lipoprotein. The second is “E2-TeBG complexe” in which estradiol (E2) is bound to its plasmatic carrier protein, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG). The third is “pBR 322”, a plasmid. “Vitamin” experiment was accomodated in the Biopan which had been mounted on the outer surface of a Foton retrievable satellite. The experiment was exposed to space environment during 15 days. A stable temperature of about 20 °C was maintained throughout the flight. “Vitamin” experiment preliminary results are presented and discussed.     

Structural and functional changes in man accompanying the weightlessness in "Skylab" flights: a mathematical approach

The present paper reports a kinetic analysis of changes of some physiological parameters, obtained from international literature, after changes in gravitational environment. The overall phenomenology of the adaptation to weightlessness is characterized by a rapid process followed by a slow one. The two processes show half time values differing by about five times. Also in the case of readaptation to gravity, after recovery on the Earth, two well resolved processes, showing different half time values, are observed. It is of interest to notice that the rate of response to weightlessness is lower than that to gravity. Of course, the half time values observed depend on the different physiological parameters considered. In any case, the experimental data suggest a general trend of many adaptive changes, that may all be described by a simple mathematical model.     

ScanSAR系统距离徒动处理准则及方位多视技术在EnviSat／ASAR,RadarSat

本文讨论了ＳｃａｎＳＡＲ处理中的两个主要问题，即是否必须考虑距离徒动，以及需要 的方位扫描值才可满足最佳设计？     

HTPB推进剂的老化及使用寿命

为了进行老化评价研究,选择和研制了三种不同固体含量的(88～91%)端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂。已经证实,88%固体含量的HTPB推进剂符合以前提出的老化模型。这种老化模型已成功地进一步用于较高固体含量的推进剂以及其它计划用的HTPB推进剂的实测力学性能老化数据。采用这种老化模型,根据加速热老化试验数据予测了长期力学性能,予测数据与六年实测老化数据相当一致。利用予测的推进剂破坏性能,结合火箭发动机的要求,来确定予先选定安全裕度的发动机药柱的使用寿命。本文列出了各种复合推进剂老化速率的比较数据。根据老化结果的分析,提出了一个宽范围老化行为的数学表达式。     

Influence of graviceptives cues at different level of visual information processing: the effect of prolonged weightlessness

We evaluated the influence of prolonged weightlessness on the performance of visual tasks in the course of the Russian-French missions ANTARES, Post-ANTARES and ALTAIR aboard the MIR station. Eight cosmonauts were subjects in two experiments executed pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight sessions.

In the first experiment, cosmonauts performed a task of symmetry detection in 2-D polygons. The results indicate that this detection is locked in a head retinal reference frame rather than in an environmentally defined one as meridional orientations of symmetry axis (vertical and horizontal) elicited faster response times than oblique ones. However, in weightlessness the saliency of a retinally vertical axis of symmetry is no longer significantly different from an horizontal axis. In the second experiment, cosmonauts performed a mental rotation task in which they judged whether two 3-D objects presented in different orientations were identical. Performance on this task is basically identical in weightlessness and normal gravity.     

The effect of head-down tilt on brain potentials related to visual attention

To study the possible effect of simulated weightlessness on brain function state, the brain event-related potentials (ERPs) in a simple visual selective response task were compared between HDT and HUT in 9 normal subjects. The results were: The Target(T) and non-Target(NT) flash signals both induced significant slow positive potentials which were supposed to related to the attention state; the amplitude of the positive potentials in frontal regions decreased significantly especially for NT-ERPs during HDT comprared with that during HUT. The data reported provide new evidence indicating that more attention should be paid on the brain function study during space flight.     

小卫星地面部分的设计

小卫星有其特殊的任务特性：低成本、一台主要仪器、航天器自主、任务收益最佳等…，为适应这些特性，设计其地面部分必须采用新的设计原则。本文阐述了这种地面部分的关键成本因素、主要设计特性以及满足用户要求的各种设计方案的比较。     

深空网通信技术的发展

深空网(DSN)是由国家航空航天局(NASA)空间操作办公室(OSO)资助的,它为NASA的深空任务、月球及远地轨道任务提供通信和导航支持。深空网的设施在不断发展,其设备也用于行星探测、无线电科学以及射电天文学。在过去的30年中,深空网的通信和导航性能提高了许多个数量级。其接收灵敏度和无线电测量的数据精度接近目前可达到的最高水平,并可根据任务需要、技术发展以及资源用途进行改进。尽管一直在进行技术革新,但为了满足各种任务的要求,其操作不但要做到高度可靠,而且.还要具有通用性。 为了提高未来深空网的能力,正在积极开发先进技术。这些先进技术将在深空网中实施,将会为在通信和导航能力与航天器的质量和功率之间进行折衷提供更大的自由度。目前正在开发的主要领域有Ka波段(32GHz)技术、波束波导天线、低噪声放大器、编码、导航技术、大功率发射机以及光学技术。 本文介绍了目前正为深空网开发的技术及其在90年代中期和以后可能发挥的效益。