Mesh-dependence of Material with Softening Behavior

The issue of mesh-dependence emerges when the conventional continuum damage model is applied to handling the softening behavior. In order to circumvent the mesh-dependence, the non-local theory is introduced into the conventional damage model and the finite element formulas are derived for two-dimensional gradient-enhanced damage model. A new element is proposed in which the basic unknown quantities are displacement, non-local equivalent strain and the gradient of non-local equivalent strain. The element and constitutive equation proposed in this article are added to the finite element software ABAQUS through user subroutine UEL. Numerical results show that the gradient-enhanced damage model can eliminate the mesh-dependence and is effective for dealing with the issue of softening behavior.     

烧生活垃圾流化燃烧炉方案设计

本文设计了一台日处理量２ｔ／ｄ的烧垃圾的漩流化床焚烧炉模化装置，并进行了相应的热力计算，此装置可作为研究燃烧低热闰圾的重要设备。     

三硝基间苯二酚中硫酸测定的研究

本文研究了硫酸钡在氨水溶液中与ＥＤＴＡ的反应条件，提出用ＥＤＴＡ滴定法测定三硝基间苯二酚中的硫酸。本法准确度较高，稳定性好，操作简单，与样品标准值对照，结果满意。     

一种分形DGS单元结构设计及其在微带电路中的应用

文章设计出了一种新型的DGS单元——Minkowski分形哑铃DGS单元，并将其应用于微带电路的设计中。利用HFSS软件对相关电路模型进行仿真，结果表明，具有相同尺寸的一阶分形单元电路（缺口深度P=2／3）与普通的哑铃形DGS单元电路比较，谐振频率降低了1．1GHz。利用此分形单元设计电路，可以达到电路小型化的效果。     

An extended chirp scaling algorithm for spaceborne sliding spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging

A system impulse response with low sidelobes is critical in synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images because sidelobes contribute to noise and interfere with nearby scatterers. However,the conventional tricks of sidelobe suppression are unable to be exactly applied to the case of spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR due to great azimuth shifts in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, an extended chirp scaling algorithm is presented for spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR data imaging. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the spectral analysis（SPECAN） technique to avoid the azimuth spectrum folding effect and then employs the chirp scaling（CS） algorithm to achieve data focusing, i.e., the so-called two-step approach. To suppress the sidelobe level, an efficient strategy for the azimuth spectral weighting which only involves matrix multiplications and short fast Fourier transformations（FFTs） is proposed, which is a post-process executed on the focused SAR image and particularly simple to be implemented. The SAR image processed by the proposed extended CS algorithm is very precise and perfectly phase-preserving. In the end, computer simulation results verify the analysis and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

超大型光学镜面面形的纳米定位技术

电容式传感器在纳米级测试中得到了广泛的应用，但是对环境条件要求较高，检测中温、湿度的变化、传感器本身结构乃至其电路性能等因素，将直接影响测量的准确度和灵敏度。介绍了大型天体望远镜光学镜面面形的控制方法和工作原理。该大型天体望远镜Φ１０ｍ的主镜由３６块对角线长１．８ｍ的六角形子镜拼接而成，应用电容测微技术使此超大型镜面的共面性达到纳米量级的定位控制。通过检测原理的分析，阐述了电容式传感器在使用中提高其准确度和长期稳定性的理论分析和具体技术措施，并针对国内正在研制的ＬＡＭＯＳＴ超大型天体望远镜实际应用环境和技术指标要求，提出新的差动式传感器，并采用新材料和高集成度的进口新器件，以满足传感器在温、湿度变化大的条件下实时监测的要求。     

单层超硬磨料砂轮制造技术新发展

概述了国外单层高温钎焊超硬磨料砂轮的工艺优势及主要研究成果，这种新型超硬磨料砂轮以其卓越的磨削性能已在国内外磨削界引起了轰动，它在今后逐步替代传统砂轮应是一种无法抗拒的必然趋势。鉴于它极其广阔的应用前景，国内在推广应用超硬磨料砂轮时也必将大力引进开发此种单层钎焊砂轮。为使国内开发钎焊砂轮有一个更高的起点，作者提出了关于开展这一领域研究的若干构想和实施方案     

生产线重组技术

生产线重组是在原有设备布局的基础上,根据不同的零件组(生产任务)对生产线进行虚拟重组,并未改变原有资源的物理布局,仅仅在逻辑上建立新的虚拟生产线。生产线重组是以工艺规程模型为基础的,主要包括零件分组规则和生产线建线规则。     

纳米硅薄膜的氧化特性

将ｎｃ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ薄膜进行等离子和高温氧化处理，测量了样品的氢，氧含量，Ｒａｍａｎ谱，红外吸收谱，光致发光（ＰＬ），结果表明两种氧化方式都将氧掺入薄膜中，但不同处理方式氧在薄膜中的键合形式不同Ｒａｍａｎ谱表明氧化处理对薄膜中晶粒大小及晶态比没有影响，用晶粒－表面模型对氧化引起的光致发光（ＰＬ）蓝移进行了解释。     

Design and Application of Discrete Sliding Mode Control with RBF Network-based Switching Law

This article proposes a novel approach combining exponential-reaching-law-based equivalent control law with radial basis function (RBF) network-based switching law to strengthen the sliding mode control (SMC) tracking capacity for systems with uncertainties and disturbances. First, SMC discrete equivalent control law is designed on the basis of the nominal model of the system and the adaptive exponential reaching law, and subsequently, stability of the algorithm is analyzed. Second, RBF network is used to form the switching law in a direct and online manner with sliding-mode-related inputs and by approximating evaluation function; and the method to adjust its parameters is devised. Finally, comparable experiments are carried out to verify the application of the proposed approach to an inner-axis driven by a direct current (DC) torque motor through extra-low speed servo for a high precision flight simulator, and the axis works under deteriorating conditions such as periodically fluctuating torques of motor, nonlinear friction, and time-varying model parameters. The results show that the combined SMC can effectively improve the servo performance, for instance, to a stable 0.000 08 (°)/s speed response, the tracking error would be within 0.000 08° in 98% of operating times. Moreover, the hybrid nature of the approach imparts the RBF network the features of removing offline training and ease to set initial parameters.