A review of the hot-wire technique in 2-D compressible flows

In this paper the use of hot-wire anemometers for obtaining turbulence data in two-dimensional compressible flows has been reviewed. Based on the existing experimental results, the methods of extracting different turbulent quantities from the output signal of the hot-wire anemometer in a given flow environment have been described and evaluated. Comparison between the results obtained with the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) and the hot-wire anemometer clearly shows that the latter should still be considered as one of the main tools for turbulence research in compressible non-separated turbulent flows not only for its comparable accuracy but also for its much lower cost and ease of operation as compared with the optical methods.     

Evaluation of the dynamic cutoff rigidity model using dosimetry data from the STS-28 flight.

We have a developed a dynamic cutoff rigidity model based on computed world grids of vertical cutoff rigidities derived from employing the Tsyganenko magnetospheric model. The dynamic range of this model covers all magnetic activity levels specified by integer values of the Kp magnetic index. We present comparisons of the measured dose observed on the space shuttle during the August 1989 solar proton event with the dose computed from solar particles predicted to be allowed through the magnetosphere to the space shuttle position. We find a one-to-one correspondence between the portion of the orbit predicted to be subjected to solar protons and the portion of the orbit where solar particle dose measurements were obtained.     

Analysis of nitrogen flow in rice cultivation in CEEF.

In order to control the material circulation in the Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF), it is necessary to clarify material flow in the Closed Plant Experiment Facility (CPEF) of CEEF. We tried to grow rice plants and measure the nitrogen contents in rice plant and nutrient solution in plant cultivation bed to trace the material balance in CPEF. The measurements were carried out under the condition of 750 ppm (v/v) CO2 at 26/19 degrees C in the plant cultivation room. The measurements showed the absorbed nitrogen amount in plant was less than the outflow nitrogen amount from nutrient solution. This difference between absorbed and outflow quantity reached to 17%.     

Galileo Net Flux Radiometer experiment

The Galileo Net Flux Radiometer (NFR) is a Probe instrument designed to measure the vertical profile of upward and net radiation fluxes in five spectral bands spanning the range from solar to far infrared wavelengths. These unique measurements within Jupiter's atmosphere, from which radiative heating and cooling profiles will be derived, will contribute to our understanding of Jovian atmospheric dynamics, to the detection of cloud layers and determination of their opacities, and to the estimation of water vapor abundance. The NFR uses an array of pyroelectric detectors and individual bandpass filters in a sealed detector package. The detector package and optics rotate as a unit to provide chopping between views of upward and downward radiation fluxes. This arrangement makes possible the measurement of small net fluxes in the presence of large ambient fluxes. A microprocessor-controlled electronics package handles instrument operation.     

TV space surveillance system

This article represents the research results of the television space surveillance system, or, in other words, the optical surveillance system. The purpose of the work is the design of a specialized optical surveillance system, stabilization and surveillance equipment, and a television unit. The system's simplified structural and functional scheme is described, as well as its justification and operation principle. The application prospects are estimated.     

Flight performance of a high resolution,high data rate solar ultraviolet telescope and spectrograph

The High Resolution Telescope and Spectrograph (HRTS) instrument has been flown three times on sounding rockets and has dramatically demonstrated the value of high resolution (spectral, spatial, and temporal) coupled with wide spectral and spatial coverage. Through the use of film as a detector, the HRTS can capture a large spectral and spatial range simultaneously. Because of the high spectral and spatial resolution, each exposure contains 10 million data points. After digitizing, this equates to a data collection rate of four megabits per second for a 20 second exposure. Because of the large film format, a set of HRTS exposures has recorded complete profiles of over 2800 emission lines simultaneously at 1000 different locations on the Sun. These emission lines originate in temperature regimes ranging from the temperature minimum to the corona. This allows a statistical analysis of temperature, pressure, density and velocity in many layers of the solar atmosphere.     

Magnetic resonance image enhancement using V-filter

A method for enhancing the boundaries of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) using a V-filter (a spatial nonlinear filter) is presented. By iterated V-filtering the signal-to-noise ratio of the MRI can be increased while preserving edge sharpness. A simulation experiment was carried out to evaluate the filter, using clinical brain images. The boundaries of the brain tumor and edematous region were precisely extracted by the region segmentation techniques     

Issues in deep space radiation protection.

The exposures in deep space are largely from the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) for which there is as yet little biological experience. Mounting evidence indicates that conventional linear energy transfer (LET) defined protection quantities (quality factors) may not be appropriate for GCR ions. The available biological data indicates that aluminum alloy structures may generate inherently unhealthy internal spacecraft environments in the thickness range for space applications. Methods for optimization of spacecraft shielding and the associated role of materials selection are discussed. One material which may prove to be an important radiation protection material is hydrogenated carbon nanofibers.     

Calibration results obtained with Liulin-4 type dosimeters.

The Mobile Radiation Exposure Control System's (Liulin-4 type) main purpose is to monitor simultaneously the doses and fluxes at 4 independent places. It can also be used for personnel dosimetry. The system consists of 4 battery-operated 256-channel dosimeters-spectrometers. We describe results obtained during the calibrations of the spectrometers at the Cyclotron facilities of the University of Louvain, Belgium and of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences-STA, Chiba, Japan with protons of energies up to 70 MeV. The angular sensitivities of the devices are studied and compared with Monte-Carlo predictions. We also present the results obtained at the HIMAC accelerator with 500 MeV/u Fe ions and at the CERN high energy radiation reference fields. Records made during airplane flights are shown and compared with the predictions of the CARI-6 model.     

ESA再入探测器的某些空气热动力问题

给出了两种不同的再入飞行器:充气的再入和下滑演示器(IRDT)和Huygens.两者的任务都涉及在靠近轨道的条件下再入并均已于2005年完成.概述了IRDT的使命和具体设计问题,综述了IRDT最近飞行的初步结果和ESTEC估计Huygens受到的辐射通量采用的方法.